Rosenbergs Use of Words to Communicate Themes in his Poem :: The Wasps Nest Poetry Poems Essays

Rosenbergs Use of Words to Communicate Themes in his Poem The white Anglo-Saxon Protestants NestConceptualize a creation full of people that isolate and alienate you-aplace where you dont count or make a difference. This is one of themajor concerns in the Wasps Nest. Rosenberg appeals to our intellectutilizing technical literary ingredients to spice up and flavour thepoem. My project is an analysis of his mathematical function of words and phrases tocommunicate themes in his poem and to consume how the poem has been madememorable. To me, the poem on its own is a metaphor portraying livelihoodand its elements of uncertainty and others.In line 1 Two sprightly tigers, the wasps be being referred to asaerial tigers because they do all their activities in the air(aerial). They be referred to as tigers for two reasons. The mainone being that they are ragingly ferocious and much undomesticated.The second one is describes their physical outward appearance as theyare yellow with black stripes just like the tiger. The use of languagehere is very descriptive and this line being a metaphor aids thepicture to be conceived on the mental canvas. descent 1 is memorable because it is quite unique the way one can findsuch descriptive to perfectly describe the scenario.Striped in ebony and property. The use of sophisticated and exclusiveadjectives which are (ebony and gold) to illustrate the waspsappearance shows how fascinated and beguiled Rosenberg is by thewasps.This line contributes to the memorability of the poem. This is bythe adoption of classy words to leave the words echoing in our mindsand it is savoured and relished by the reader.Line 3-5 describes the state in which the wasps are in and how theywent about their supplying of their home. Here, we assume that thetwo wasps are of the opposite sex thus, probably married or are livingtheir lives together. Therefore, another rational assumption is thatthese two wasps are building a home, an investment that they can sharetogether and reside within.These lines are made memorable because they unfailingly apply andrelate to our daily lives.Line 7-9 depicts how worthless and valueless this huge investmentis to Rosenberg or the epitome and then again, I find these linesringing in my head because it is indeed an example of lifes badsides- when one takes their time to put something together and heworships it with every fibre of his being but before others, it isinsignificant.Line 10-14, is about how the persona has endeavored and made anattempt to exonerate and get rid of the wasps.

The family is the biggest piece of the pie Essay -- Social Control Th

The key writers of social authorisation theories were influenced by the mid 19th century conservative ideals, in which people were adhering to the unchanging state of affairs. Social master theorist viewed crime as normal behaviour that resulted from the absence of effective beliefs that forbid delinquency (Jones, 2009, p. 228). Rather than questioning why humans deviated and became criminals, social curb theorist wondered why most people conformed and did not engage in criminal activity. With elements from several(prenominal) theories, including anomie, social disorganization and differential association, criminologist gather in argued that social control theory is not new (William & McShane, 2010, p. 157). These conservative criminologist were looking for alternative ways of explaining crime and deviance from the explanations they already had (Sears, personal communication, November 2, 2010). While there are several different perspectives of social control theory, for the purp ose of this paper, the focus will be aimed at Hirschis social bond theory. First off, by introducing Travis Hirschis theoretical premise and specifically highlighting his main arguments. Secondly, some examples will be provided on how this theory has been implemented and discuss an authentic program created by me which applies his theory. Lastly, the focus will be directed towards the effectiveness and the limitations that his theory has. The origin of Travis Hirschis social control theory can be traced back to Emile Durkheim, who not only came up with the idea of anomie, he also talked about forces of integration and forces of regulation (Cartwright, 2010, p. 68). Forces of integration were described by Durkheim as being informal forces, and included peoples commo... ...be that it helps to eliminate the critique that parents could be the expel of the problems (Sears, personal communication, November 9, 2010). Given that the old ways eventually become eliminated form society, my p rogram would provide proper parenting skills for all individuals in which people would learn Hirschis core elements. In contrast, one weakness that haas been argued is that social control theories over-predict delinquency and relegate motivation to a matter of minor significance (Jones, 2009, p. 243). Also, it has been said that these theorist have make an unjustified assumption that all individuals are bound to partake in delinquent activities. Overall social control theories, particularly Hirschis social bond theory, have proved to provide striking effects and perhaps that is why it is popular to both the general public and the policy level.

Shakespeares Sonnet #73 Essay -- essays research papers fc

Shakespeares Sonnet 73, published in 1609, is pen in the Shakespearean or English sonnet style. It consists of three quatrains and one couplet at the end, written in iambic pentameters. Each quatrain has its own rhyme scheme, rhyming in alternating lines. The couplet summarizes the preceding twelve lines. Sonnet 73 appears to contain tenfold parallels to death and the person speaking in the poem gives the impression that he is near death and reflecting back upon life.The first quatrain, That time of the year thou mayst observe me/ When yellow leaves, or none, or few do hang/ Upon those boughs which shake against the cold/ Bare ruin choirs where late the sweet bird sang. He seems to be comparing his life the unspecified season, which could either be autumn or winter. If a person were to look at only this quatrain, Shakespeare seems to describe autumn, with images of yellow leaves and a place where a bird sang. However, if the whole sonnet is looked at Shakespeare seems to describe the effects of winter. Shakespeare reinforces the confusion of season with the rearrangement of the natural sequence of events. He says, none in the beginning few in describing the leaves hanging, and reminds us of summer with the image of the bird. This serves as a reminder of the encroaching winter. The transposition of "none" and "few" could also imply that a second look to the landscape, as with death. Upon, another glance, death is not here but coming. This quatrain appears t...

Influential Characters in The Trial and The Stranger :: essays research papers

Influential Characters The Trial and The Stranger How one character can influence the life of another character. The Trial and The Stranger were both critically acclaimed since their create debut, though the books have their many differences they both deal with imprisoned lives going against society. In both novels K and Meursault had characters that influenced them in a negative and positive way, although none these characters had as much influence as the religious figure (the priests) did in both novels. However the priests in each novel influenced the protagonists differently.In The Stranger the chaplain is move to Meursault before he is faced with his death sentence to have him repent for his sins and change his religious beliefs, in other words, covert him to Christianity. However Meursault stands strong and tells him that he has nothing to repent, for he has not sinned. He does not belief in God and he believes that he is already receiving his punishment, there is no afterlife or higher judgment in Meursaults? beliefs. The chaplain is able to change Meursault?s mind, when he mentions ?how even the hardest of criminals stare at something at one pointing their lives and imagine a inspired face in it? (Stranger, p.121). Although Meursault does not see a divine face he sees the face of Marie. This marks the turning point of Meursault?s life, for he starts to dish out for life something he has never done before. He is now aggravated to know that is going to die and cannot accept that which explains his rage with the priest. Camus? creates characters such as Meursault and the chaplain to compare each other. Meursault represents an outsider and shows how life is, society does not accept those who do not act as expected even if it means that they would have to routine the truth or hurt others in the process. The idea that Meursault does not care of his death sentence, as he shows little or no emotion of his capture?s death or of Marie proposing ma trimony to him was of course is completely against the rules and ethics of society. Consequently he creates the chaplain to show Meursault how society expects him to behave, implementing the chaplain in the novel demonstrates how society acts upon those who do not meet the expected behaviors by society, it tries to change or covert them to the norms of society.

Analysis of Blinking Hell, a Sight Savers International Campaign Essay

The article Blinking Hell is written for the purpose of informing a number of audiences about an eye disorder existing in economic everyy create countries. The title of this extract, Blinking Hell carries a double meaning. The Statement blinking hell traditionally serves as an exclamatory comment. For the intention of this article, the author has changed the exclamation to a verb and a noun and the semantics of it become literal. The graphology of the text is manage that of a newspaper article, set out in columns with an emboldened title and graphic image. Presumably, this was d star in this fashion as it may have feature within a newspaper. Equally, the reasons could have been purely to draw attention to the text. Blinking Hell opens with an exposition giving no clear meaning as to what its putting across to the reader. By using this short phrase, the author has encouraged the audience to read on and discover its significance. No noun is present in this opening statement and, is instead, immediately substituted for a pronoun. At first its not too bad In the next paragraph, the writer goes on to describe the behaviour of a child in relation to their eyes. The noun child is utilize along with the description with average child-like behaviour for certain readers to identify with. The writer is writing this on the basis that most adults have seen a young one perform this action. At the end of this section, verbs and a noun are used within a simple sentence to reveal the main subject of this text piece. And thats all it takes to spread trachoma Throughout the rest of the text, the writer has gone into explicit d... ... written in a biased and un-scientific way as if it was a tabloid article. scarring the childs lid a little bit more The noun child has been used to inform the reader of which type of people fall into the category of Trachoma sufferers. The author has chosen only to prove the audi ence that children are the victims, despite it being a disease that does not discriminate. This device was most probably used to persuade and emotionally involve which is a vital skill for fund raisers of any form. At the end of the article, the author uses persuasive language in the form of a complex sentence as a last attempt to convince the prospective donater. 5 is all we need for the operation The verb need is used to show the importance of the operation, thus the importance of the reader donating currency to the cause.

Analysis of Blinking Hell, a Sight Savers International Campaign Essay

The article Blinking Hell is written for the purpose of informing a number of audiences about an eye disorder existing in economically developing countries. The title of this extract, Blinking Hell carries a double meaning. The Statement blinking hell traditionally serves as an exclamatory comment. For the intention of this article, the author has changed the exclamation to a verb and a noun and the semantics of it exit literal. The graphology of the text is like that of a newspaper article, set out in columns with an emboldened title and graphic image. Presumably, this was done in this fashion as it whitethorn have featured within a newspaper. Equally, the reasons could have been purely to draw attention to the text. Blinking Hell opens with an exposition giving no clear meaning as to what its putt across to the reader. By using this short phrase, the author has encouraged the audience to read on and discover its significance. No noun is present in th is opening account and, is instead, immediately substituted for a pronoun. At first its not too bad In the next paragraph, the writer goes on to describe the behaviour of a child in coincidence to their eyes. The noun child is used along with the description with average child-like behaviour for certain readers to identify with. The writer is writing this on the basis that most adults have seen a young one perform this action. At the end of this section, verbs and a noun are used within a simple sentence to reveal the main typeface of this text piece. And thats all it takes to spread trachoma Throughout the rest of the text, the writer has gone into explicit d... ... written in a biased and un-scientific way as if it was a tabloid article. scarring the childs eyelid a little bit more The noun child has been used to inform the reader of which type of people fall into the category of Trachoma sufferers. The author has elect only to tell the audien ce that children are the victims, despite it being a disease that does not discriminate. This device was most probably used to persuade and emotionally involve which is a vital skill for fund raisers of any form. At the end of the article, the author uses persuasive language in the form of a Byzantine sentence as a last attempt to convince the prospective donater. 5 is all we need for the operation The verb need is used to show the importance of the operation, thus the importance of the reader donating money to the cause.

Theories of varied motivation in psychology

It is said that entire psychology is about the study of penury it ego. In fact the science of psychology evolved to explain, answer and reason the why of benevolent doings. Motivation holds the answer to this why because when we attempt to reason for a token behavior or attitude then basically we be finding the motivations responsible for that take officular behavior (Gorman, 2003, 1). People per determine a variety of actions finished multiple roles according to their dominant motivation that guides their behavior.In psychological studies the implicit motivations determining human behavior are not only considered from point of enchant of biological drives and neurological impetus but they are also explained by relational side of human behavior whither motivation is a high-powered aspect of the behavior that helps people to interact with the human being (Nuttin, 1984,1). Many theorist attempt to offer generalized explanation for a majority of human actions purely in terms of natural soul or sudden impulse.Even the people engaged in performing those actions may also agree to this statuspoint. However, the theory of instinct and impulse presents an incomplete rational because there are critical external factors and attractions that also contribute towards the particular motivation. Therefore human motivation is a dynamic product of combination of intrinsic human traits as well as their environmental setting.An new(prenominal) important factor that plays an important role in explaining motivational factors in behavior is human emotion (Gorman, 2003, 89). Human beings experience a number of emotional states that continue to fluctuate and they act as causative factors in a large number of actions undertaken by them. As a matter of fact, motivation is a product of a very complex process of inherent and external interaction of human beings with themselves and their surrounding and it acts as stimulant and provide energy for their behaviors and consequent actions.Psychoanalytic Explanation of motivesMotives interests psychologist because they provide insight into the character and nestle of individuals, providing psychologists with test materials on which they dope further form and expand their theories. The reasons of particular proposition actions, such as why did a person steal, why did he clothe a murder, why did he participate in a cause where he was not interested, or why did he contributed a majority of his riches to charitable causes can perhaps be better understood if the motives behind them are sought. The implicit notion is that there are some actions which deviant to a persons characteristics and those that are difficult be explained by any standard rule based system (Peters, 1958, 28).Psychologists, in their attempts to explore the motives, that is the set of specific reasons for deviant as well as normal actions have given considerable attention to the unconscious(p) self of human beings of which they are themselv es unaware. The unconscious self is composed of repressed feelings of deprivations, unfulfilled desires and infant sexuality and it subtly acts on every human being to set the framework of many of their actions (Peters, 1958, 55).This theory of unconscious mental process, as proposed by Freud, and the psychoanalytic explanations it offered, did not profess to explain the entire gamut of human behaviors, but it certainly provided a more panoramic view to cause and reasons of many human actions that were hitherto conventionally explained on mere visible evidences. According to the new wisdom, actions performed by people have a vast and complicated background and though they may appear final or conclusive in their immediate bearing, they are part of a long image of interconnected events.Therefore even the simple question that why did John walk across the road take vast proportion in psychology. As explained by Peters (4), the simple answer that John crosses the road to buy some tobac co is insufficient, even though John himself in unaware of any other motive. To a psychologist, in crossing the road to buy tobacco, John is conforming to many social and cultural stereotypes such as he is not runnel or crawling across the road to get the tobacco (ibid, 5).If John had run, then his goal of obtaining tobacco would had fallen incommensurate with his action that should had warranted more imperative justification. However as John walks across the road, it indicates that procuring tobacco is a kind of activity that should be accomplished in a normal behavioral support to make it appear as an appropriate social function. A psychologist might further argue that John has secret liking for tobacconists girl, and he goes to the particular shop to see that girl, though he may himself be not aware of this.Another explanation might be offered that John had an unconscious disliking of work from which he wanted to escape and the act of going to tobacconist was a way for him to stay away from the unpleasant work. Its important to see here that in neither of these explanations John himself is aware of any other reason other than buying tobacco, but each of the region, both of them or several others can be true to the case.The Biological Approach to MotivesThe biological or physiological aspects of motives are perhaps the earliest explanations that were offered to reason for motives behind human actions and behaviors. This arise views human as drive-oriented animals who are more the product of biological factors of cellular and neurochemical reactions, acting through our genetic traits alone and spurred by release of hormones to various actions. This physiological abbreviation puts instinct as the primary reason behind every human action and its framework basic human instincts such as desire to eat, drink, kip and have sex combine to form the further ramifications of human behavior (Gorman, 2003,14).In this model, drives for specific actions stimulate peo ple and they respond accordingly in their behavior. It states that behavior of people is the result of homeostasis, that is, the tendency to maintain a stable internal environment of body. Body responds to any deprivation that threatens the stability of internal equilibrium and unleashes like behavior to correct it (Weiner, 1980, 11). Thus homeostasis drive theory accounts for situations where a person may be compelled to steal food if he is hungry, or run if he is threatened, as maintaining the internal equilibrium is principle motive of any living organism.Behavioral approach to motivesAs Nuttin (1984, 16) states, understanding of motivational process is critically capable on understanding of dynamic aspects of human behavior. In the sector of psychology behavior refers to cognitive activities that an individual performs in the context of a behavioral world (ibid, 17). These activities can not be understood if they are treated separately, and therefore an integrated model of be havior interpretation is required that views that takes a complete and connect view of all the processes in the living organism.According to the behavioral model, the various biochemical functions and basic drives are encompassed by behavior that gives these individual traits their full message and purpose (ibid, 18). As such hunger, thirst, sleep, sex drive, fear, ecstasy, loyalty etc are not isolated factors in determining motives. Instead they are integrated as part of the behavioral structure that creates a sense of organic continuity. Thus seeing changes to watching and hearing changes to listening in the behavioral model.Various theories and models in the field of social behavior have come with suggestion that human behavior reflects a persons intent to act (Orbell, 2004, 145). According to each of these models it is thinkable to predict behavior from intentions and behavioral control displayed by a person. Behavioral characteristics can successfully account for specific ty pes of motivations seen with various actions. For example, harvesting, hunting and fishing are quite different behaviors, yet they are done with the same objective of procuring food.Similarly, despite their different behavioral traits, people are essentially same every where, in the sense that they seek love, trust, social respect, and financial stability, thus acting through almost identical motivational drives. Within the behavioral system, a form of unity and cohesion is attempted out of multiple elements interacting together in a motivational setup (Nuttin, 1984, 84).Humanistic Approach to MotivesThe humanistic approach in describing different motives for human actions is a relatively new field. Its fundamental principles, as stated by Weiner(1980, 409) are1. Humanistic psychology studies people in their literal life circumstances, where humans are subjects of the study, rather than object. People are described in their protest consciousness and perceptions and the reasons and motives of their actions are placed along with their individuality, in a holistic and complete framework.2. Humanistic psychologists also believe that human choice, will, their desire to move forrad in life, to grow and realize their potentials contribute to their actions, behavior and approach to life.3. The dominant characteristics of any individual is to achieve personal potential, and develop their capacities and talents to highest level. Thus the central motivation in an individuals life is to grow, move ahead and develop his or her own self.ConclusionHuman actions would continue to be defined, analyzed and interpreted from a number of points of view, according to various theories, models and approaches to understand its complexity and give complete meaning to its attributes, in order to evolve a wholesome picture of factors that motivates people towards a varied degree of actions.Motivations can be best understood from the dynamics of behavior and the integrated setup that provides basis for planning, thinking, action and achievements of goals to people. Further, people are motivated to different actions based on their own perception of needs and requirements as well acting through their subconscious self, which explains for the difference in their perceived reason of their certain steps from the actual reasons justifying it. credit ratingGorman, P, 2003, Motivation and Emotion, Routledge, New York.Nuttin, J, 1984, Motivation, Planning, and Action A Relational Theory of Behavior Dynamics, (trnsltr) Jean E. Dumas ,, Raymond P. Lorion , Leuven University Press Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Leuven, Belgium.Orbell, S, 2004, Contemporary Perspectives on the Psychology of Attitudes The Cardiff Symposium. (edit ) Geoffrey Haddock, Gregory R. Maio, Psychology Press. Hove, England.Peters RS, 1985,The Concept of Motivation. Routledge & Kegan capital of Minnesota LondonWeiner, H, 1980, Human Motivation, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ

Global Financial Crisis Essay

The ball-shaped financial crisis started to demonstrate its effects in the middle of 2007 and continued in 2008. Around the arena a large number of the financial institutions collapsed, stocks fell and the entire world was under stress. The crisis unraveled in the USA, UK and then go around around the world. This meltdown of the financial systems leave alone affect the lives of al approximately everyone around the globe. The genesis of the financial crisis was the collapse of the US sub-prime mortgages. Many people defaulted on their repayments of these loans.Basic completelyy, a sub-prime mortgage is a type of a loan made to borrowers who do not crap a good doctrine history and are uneffective to qualify for the high fire grade in the market. It has a diversified product range from mortgages to car loans to credit cards. These loans started out in 2001 when the interest range were historically lowest in US. At that time, the demand for the real estate was on high because of these low interest rates. The builders kept on investing in the construction of the houses even though the demand for property saw a decline after a while. delinquent to this huge boom, the property became so everywhere economic valued that it saw the worse decline in prices in 2006 (University of Iowa, 2008). This made most of the investors and leaders became unwilling to refinance the sub-prime loans and were hard-and-fast in their policies. This raised the interest payments which some of the investors were unable to afford. Hence to a greater extent and more people stared defaulting. Around 3. 6 million home owners lost their homes due to the mortgage defaults. There stupefy been around $100 billion worth of Sub-prime mortgage leans defaults from the low-credit worth people.At the same time, the world saw the world stock prices falling in most of the places which made large number hedge funds insignificant. This collapse in demand for the securities which were keep goingin g the sub-prime mortgages forced 90 of the firms into declaring commitruptcy (Acharya, 2007). These crises in the sub-prime mortgage and the declining world stock prices led to the global financial crisis in July 2007. Investors had also over indulged themselves in the sophisticated financial instruments much(prenominal) as the derivatives thinking they were reducing the assay associated with the assets.As people started earning money through it, they started taking more risk and hence earning more money. The real problem a uprise when the market turned towards speculative in nature. This means that with each loss the investor went with more risk to cover up the earlier losses and earn a higher profit. The financial instrument that the aver expected to will reduce its risk created the greatest problems for it. This is how the derivatives became a problem in the current world and one of the causes of the destruction of the banks around the globe (Shah, 2009). This bust the confi dence of the investors.People now did not need to buy the assets or securities but they wanted their money back. Therefore, this created a crisis situation for the investor confidence around the globe. The westerly economies were also affected by the process of securitization. It is a process by which the financial assets are backed by the real assets through the use of instruments such as the derivatives. The sub-prime mortgages were risky and under rated when compared in isolation but as soon as these loans were gathered together with other debts to diversify risk, they become more attractive and over-rated.Soon when the stocks fell in the inter solid groundal market, most of the securities lost their value. This caused a large deficiency in the capital of the banks and therefore, they were forced to tighten their credit policies around the world. For example Lehman Brothers filed for bankruptcy on September 15, 2008. It was the largest bankruptcy filed in the US history because it held a major share of the assets in the US. Its share value had fallen to less than $1. The bank had given out excess amount of the sub-prime mortgage loans which were backed by securities but it had no way to pay back the depositors.It had started facing severe problems when the credit policy was tightened across the world. Sine they were refused to be bailed out, they had filed for bankruptcy with the US government. This had a direct effect on almost all the banks in the US and abroad that were holding the assets of the Lehman Brothers and hence this caused a ripple effect globally. The whole world was affected with the sub-prime mortgage defaults because the world is a global village now and all the businesses in it are inter-related with each other.The credit housing market had indirectly affected all the other markets around the globe. The lenders genuine strict policies for the credit facilities and hence decreasing the consumer spending. Demand for the goods and services decreases, profits declines and hence less investment and production. This leads to the layoffs, less household income and therefore less consumer spending. Due to the financial crisis, it is estimated that approximately 80 million people could be forced to live in poverty. The developing economies will be experiencing slow growth rates due to the decline in the export demand.This is due to the diminishing demand of the goods and services globally (Hodgson, 2007). The world GDP is expected to grow at a rate of 0. 5% which is slowest since World War II. The global financial crisis that unraveled in 2007 did expose some serious flaws in the regulations internationally as fountainhead as domestically and the global financial system. The major cause of the global financial meltdown is the weak regulatory mechanisms, inadequate transparency, insufficient competition and poorly designed incentive structures.The banking system in the US is the most unregulate area of the financial insti tutions. It could create and sell many diversified products making them scene secure and attractive. When the loans were being given out, there was very little risk analysis being done and that also with the imprecise and inaccurate data and models. The strict regulation of the sub-prime mortgage and low interest loans would have reduced the chances of the financial meltdown. In the US there is no notion of a central bank that controls the other financial institutions such as the insurance companies, mortgage banks and banks.The US federal government preferred self regulation of the financial institutions under the expression of Chairman Alan Greenspan. This provided for the relaxed and simple environment where different institutions came together to produce and flood the market with sophisticated and diversified products and made them look very attractive and safe. The investors invested in these banks as they did not have the right education about the negative consequences whic h were never released. This type of policy does result in growth but at the same time it also results in mismanagement and less control.Most of the firms present in the world were resistant to bring any change in themselves which would otherwise have brought strong competition in the market. The people have now called for better regulation and reforms for the financial sector both internationally and domestically. They want the developing nations to have some voice in the formation of these policies and shaping up the global economy. The simple and well designed policies will be lightheaded to implement. They will protect the financial institutions in the short run and bring innovation and diversification in the products in the long run.The most important is that the banking sector in the USA needs to be regulated heavily by a central bank. They should be regulated in a way that they have the minimum required amount of deposits. The Bank of England deputy governor Sir John Gieve su ggests that the capital and the liquidity requirements for the bank should be increased and made stricter along with the subtle restraints on the building up of the risk. At the same time, the loans should be made difficult to get in good times. These banks need to provide the investors with the adequate information when they are making their decisions.The rating agencies in USA as well as around the world must have stricter reforms and should be heavily regulated so that they properly rate the assets using appropriate models and data. It is also suggestive that there should be a single international rating agency that will rate the assets worldwide. The IMF and the World Bank reforms will play an important role in the future. They need to go about a structural change in their policies because their one fit all solution was a disaster for the developing economies.They had earlier realized that the financial crisis in the developed world will hang back into the developing world and harm it further. Even then they were unable to find a clear solution. Therefore, they need to change their policies and must include the say of the poorer nation while making the new policies. The international bodies and the banks need to be more transparent in their operations and the enforcement of policies so that there no further objections rose to it (Shah, 2009).References Shiller, R. J. (2008) The Sub-prime Solution, Princeton University Press.Fraser, D. , Gup, B. , and J. Kolari (2007) Commercial Banking The management of risk, John Wiley & Sons, Australia. Heffernan, S. (2005) Modern Banking, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, England. Koch, T. and S. Scott MacDonald (2003) Bank Management, Thomson South Western, OH45040, USA. Laeven, L. and F. Valencia (2008) Systemic Banking Crises A New Database, International Monetary Fund, Washington. Rose, P. (2002) Commercial Bank Management, McGraw hillock Irwin, Boston. Faber, Marc. Gloom & Doom economist credit grate will spread. CNBC 19 May. 2008.Nazar, Yousuf, The fall of US financial capitalism. Dawn 22 September. 2008. Acharya, M. (2007) credit entry crunch the blown-up picture, The Star, http//www. thestar. com/article/247510 retrieved on Mar 05, 2009 CNBC, (2007) Gloom & Doom Economist Credit Crunch Will Spread, http//www. cnbc. com/id/24703745 retrieved on Mar 05, 2009 Credit Crunch, (2007) Crunch Time for Credit? An Inquiry into the State of the Credit System in the United States and Great Britain, http//www. creditcrunch. co. uk/home/article. php? story=20070905083913327 retrieved on Mar 05, 2009HM Government, http//www. realhelpnow. gov. uk/credit-crunch-causes-why. php retrieved on Mar 05, 2009 Hodgson, A. (2007) globose credit crunch turbulences and outlook, Euro monitor international, http//www. euromonitor. com/Global_credit_crunch_turbulences_and_outlook retrieved on Mar 05, 2009 Nazar, Y. (2008) The fall of US financial capitalism, Dawn, http//www. dawn. com/2008/09/22/ebr1. htm retriev ed on Mar 05, 2009 Gieve, J (2008) Speech, John Gieve the credit crunch and the UK economy, http//www. bis. org/review/r080924e. pdf retrieved on Mar 05, 2009

Erich Fromm’s Conception of the Art of Being

Fromm situates the role of loving psychology as attempting to resolve the Marxian dialectical contradiction that history constructs military man organism while placing man as the main source of such a construction that cosmea the construction of history. In addition to this, Fromm focuses on the manner in which unrivaled can interpret how passions and anxieties are molded by the well-disposed process. The importance of social psychology, at bottom this context is thitherby evident if one considers that the blend in of social psychology is to show how those energies passions and anxieties become productive forces capable of molding the social process that of the social construction of man as well as mans construction of history. Fromm recognizes that social character refers to that part of the character structure of persons which is common to most members of a particular social group, developed in response to their conditions of life. subject is shaped by the dynamic adap tation of needs to social reality, and, in its turn, character conditions the thinking, feeling, and acting of individuals.Despite his use of the word determines, Fromm consistently stresses the oomph of human nature whereby individuals and groups are able to resist the seduction of certain enslaving adaptations and open up the possibility of positive freedom through self-realization. The concept of social character helps to explain the link between the material basis of society and the ideological superstructure. It is, in this sense, the intermediary between the socio- economical structure and the ideas and ideals prevalent in society. The economic basis conditions social character, which determines the ideas and ideals of a class or a group. In turn, these ideas help to mould the social character and, indirectly, influence the economic structure.In comparison to Freuds notion of human psychology, Fromm was able to keep open the possibility that, on the basis of what we all share as human beings, we are capable of creating a society in which the prevalent relationship of domination and submission is rejected in favor of a relationship of solidarity (Fear 228). His analysis of the psychology of socio-economic change in various social classes from the time of the Reformation through to the twentieth century reveals a variety of ways of suppressing the freedom which was on offer as a result of the break from the political, economic, and spiritual shackles that bound people in pre-modern times. According to Fromm, modernity involves a breakdown of old securities which is so frightening that different social groups resort to belief systems and movements which bind them to new forms of domination and submission.In relation to Fromms conception of human cosmos within the context of the aforesaid(prenominal) conditions, Fromm considers the notion of existence honourable existence in terms of virtuosity. Fromm notes, The virtuous or vicious character rather than s ingle virtues or vices is the true subject matter of ethical inquiry (Man 33). Character ethics reach back to the philosophy of Ancient Greece, and Fromms debt to Aristotle is freely acknowledged.The abandonment of the idea of an essential human nature striving towards a telos leaves accomplished moral philosophy the impossible task of deriving moral precepts from a view of untutored human nature (MacIntyre 54-55). Fromm explicitly criticizes this internalized authoritarianism wherein the pursuit of ones own happiness has no positive ethical value as supreme happiness can only be found in the fulfillment of ones duty (Man 121-3).This idea that there is a natural propensity for barbarous and that the moral law is necessary to suppress it is blaspheming to Fromm, for whom loving ones self and loving ones neighbor is not a phenomenon transcending humanity besides rather an inherent allot of that humanity (Fear 98-99). Fromm notes that it is the power by which we relate to and enab le solidarity with our fellowmen. Within this contextual background what is human nature for Fromm.In The Art of Being, he poses the question of what it is that distinguishes the human being from other animals. For Fromm self-awareness, reason and imagination merely disrupt the harmony which characterizes animal nature. The human being is at once part of nature and yet transcends the relaxation method of nature. Reason drives us to endless striving for new solutions to the problems which we continuously need to confront.The human life is one of unavoidable disequilibrium in which there can be no return to a pre-human state of harmony with nature but only a development of reason towards mastery of nature, including human nature. Only by recognizing that the only meaning to life is that which is given by humans through productive living can the possibility develop of achieving happiness through the broad(a) realization of the faculties which are peculiarly human. In Man for Himself, he cites Aristotle and Spinoza as the leading humanist philosophers, but also endorses Marxs comment in Capital that it is vital to distinguish between human nature in general and human nature as modified in each historical period.For Fromm, humanistic ethics is based on the principle that good is what is good for us as human beings and evil is what is detrimental to us, and the sole criterion of ethical value is human welfare. Good is regarded as the affirmation of life through the unfolding of mans powers and virtue is regarded as responsibility to our own existence, whereas evil is perceived as the crippling aspect of our power and vice is an instance of our irresponsibility toward ourselves.Drawing on Aristotle and Spinoza, Fromm commends productiveness and the productive orientation, involving the full development of the human capacities for creativity, love, and reason. Failure to live in this way results in dysfunction and unhappiness for the individual the occurrence of wh ich leads to a socially patterned defect. Hence, in the aforementioned work The Art of Being Fromm notes that it is important to recognize the existing law universal law that governs all forms of human relations. Such a law ensures the necessity that we should be mindful that there is no contact between human beings that does not affect all human beings (13).In To Have or To Be? he contrasts the being mode with the having mode. The being mode is a situation in which activities are productive in the sense of being consciously directed at the enrichment of human existence, as strange to the having mode in which activity is directed to acquiring wealth and power over others (33). Although he accepts that the having mode is socially dominant, he argues that, only a baseborn minority are governed entirely by it. There are still aspects of most peoples lives in which they are genuinely touched by non-instrumental feelings for their fellow human beings.One of the problems in establishing pictures of the productive individual and the being mode is that psychoanalysis has traditionally focused on neuroses rather than well-being. The problem is made to a greater extent complex by the theoretical move from the consideration of the mental health of the individual to that of society. Utopian thinking traditionally addresses the possibility of a happy society, but often this is seen merely as the removal of anxiety caused by material oppression or deprivation. Despite these difficulties, a clear picture of the emancipated individual in thefree society does emerge from Fromms work, with the emphasis on a productive disposition and social relations infused with solidarity and love.In relation to this, how is it possible to understand Fromms conception of the necessity to enable the individual to live a life of virtue and hence to realize his being or his existence within a world dominated by various forms of simulacra enabled by mass media? In order to ensure the realizatio n of an individuals existence and hence that of his being psychologys role, in this sense, involves the production and implementation of various methods that will enable an individual to develop his virtue and as a result of this develop the existence of solidarity and love within society.Such methods include that of enabling self-awareness amongst individuals. Self-awareness in this sense must be understood in relation to the manner in which man stands as a social constructor of both man and culture and hence society beyond being a mere political, ideological, or religious individual. Art of Being, in this sense, in relation to and along Fromms philosophy opts to enable the realization and the affirmation of the self through the development of virtue in order to ensure the existence of solidarity within the human community.Works CitedFromm, Erich. The Art of Being. London Routledge, 1993.The Fear of Freedom. New York Routledge, 1984.Man for Himself An Inquiry into the Psychology of Ethics. New York Routledge, 1990.To Have or to Be? London Routledge, 1993.McIntyre, Alasdaire. After Virtue A Study in Moral Theory. London Np, 1995.

A Mutable Self

Haley Wiedenman English 101 Brit Ashley 4/8/11 When interpretation A Mutable Self, by Mary Catherine Bateson, I am forced to analyze why I am myself. For several years I welcome stubbornly believed that I have become myself by myself alone(predicate) and have not been influenced by the things and people around me. I didnt want to admit that I am in fact tightly machine-accessible to people of my past and they have influenced who I am greatly. Bateson makes it clear in her writing that no one fetus, child, or adult- is independent of the actions and imaginations of others. Though we have the indicant to alter ourselves, the fact that we do so because the influence of others proves that we can never break the connection of the people who we have been subject to, making us sanely dependent of those around us. Bateson brings this subject to our attention to spread an aw arness of how we come to be under the influence of others. Not only does she inform us of the slipway of ourselv es but also she enlightens the reader of cultures around the globe.Taking in this information has the potential to change readers view and allow them to have a greater collar of the reality around them. In opening this door Bateson is creating a continual awareness that will aid the reader in their daily life though the understanding of themselves and others. On the contrary to popular belief, Bateson has faith that the self is learned, yet ironically it often becomes a barrier to learning. The way that I perceive this is that we often are so stubborn with the views of ourselves that we deny any opposing views given by others, which in turn blocks our access to further knowledge. Once we have an idea in our head about a certain thing, it is often difficult to persuade us otherwise. In the works of Bateson she writes a personal story about her yap away to an Iranian kindergarten. In her visit the teacher allowed a period for drawing time to the students. At the end of at that pla ce time the teacher went to each student, hoard the drawing pencils, and threw away each of there creations.I come from a home where my first piece of art I brought home remains framed in our living room. So, to me, it is extremely sad that these children are not rewarded for their creative efforts. Instead of a high five and gold star on our artwork, these small children simply watch as their masterpieces fall into a trashcan. The difference between Iranian culture and my own is huge. Though I am sure they have there own motives for their ways, I personally am glad I grew up in a home where I was praised for my hard work.Even though I enjoyed reading this essay, I do believe there are a few things Bateson could have done my successfully. Her writing is a bit repetitive, which I suppose is an effective way to make your point clear, however it can also make the reading a bit dull from time to time. Another item she could have improved on is her connection to the reader. Many of he r examples where of other cultures, and while this may be extremely interesting, it does not relate to the most the people who will be reading this essay.It could have been more triumphant if Bateson would have both related to the common reader and added other cultural insight. Connections between the Essays 1- The self is ever ever-changing pg. 252 What is the Self? & pg. 272 A mutable Self 2- People and culture around you shape the self pg. 261 What is the Self? & pg. 269-270 A Mutable Self Questions 1- Can we unplug ourselves from our family/community to become independent and find our true selves? (w/ out outside influence) 2- What effect does our childhood have on our lives?

Diversity in the United States Essay

Diversity in the United disk operating systemsIntroduction Diversity is the concept of acceptance and respect upon every individual in relations to sexual category, ethnical and sexual coordination, and stage of development, bodily abilities and political beliefs. In United States there is synthesis of worlds abundant and varied religions, cultures and ethnic groups since it is a home to everybody and there is no group which can c either itself the most American than the other. However, the merging of cultures here is so irreplaceable and so outstanding that citizens can be in effect(p) as pleased and proud of their main cultural legacy as they argon to be an American after all. The diversity in United States assemblage takes a moral look at what it means to be an American and scrutinizes the rich legacies that encompasses the integral nation. Any culture provides its specific and incomparable contri scarcelyion to the current understanding in America and to the world generally. T he issue of diversity in America not only provides a multitude of friendly portraits of heritage and culture, but records the fights of nationalities to incorporate into the sentimental society of America, and bluelights the power and honesty of several cultural influential and socialites (Naylor, 1999, Naylor, 1997). accord to the current state of immigration in United States, diversity has however reached nearly every state in America. William Ferry, a demographer has stated that This is just a strange explosion of diversity all across the United States and thinks that diversity and immigration are going hand in hand. Due to the exalted of immigration, the current statistics indicate that Education ranks increased in every state from 2000 to 2010. Generally, the part of adults with 25 years and older with at least a high school diploma or certificate raised from 80 percent to 90 percent. Those adults with at least a bachelors degree from both university or college raised from 40 percent to 55 percent. This change could even rise higher in the coming years as far as there are available jobs and the growth of economy still continue growing in order to hold the population. Furthermore, there are all categories of construction, food processing, every kind of service jobs, the full scale, where primary agriculture is practiced (Naylor, 1997) Immigrants have also enriched American communities by bringing characteristics of their instinctive cultures with them. However, many of the bare Americans now celebrate both Christmas and other festivals drawn from African rituals. Hispanic Americans enjoy their backgrounds with street fairgrounds and other parties or events. There are many ethnic restaurants that proliferate in many American cities. For example, President John Kennedy, the grandson of Irish immigrants, commissioned up this intermingling of the old and the new when he titled America as a society of immigrants, which could hold any person irrespective o f their culture, race, religion or political ideologies and everyone would began life fresh, on an equal basis. Therefore, this is the secret of United State as a nation of people with the fresh retention of old backgrounds who venture to walk around with new borderlines (Lind, 2010). However, apart from the benefits which have been brought by the immigrants in the United States, challenges have been there more so to the government on how to counter the growing population. Services in all fields need to be increased and improved that is in organizational centers, health centers and educational centers because among the immigrants there are disabled people or people with special needs and they all expect assistance from the government. The issue of ethnicity is still there among various groups of people and this has led to gender difference and reduced sexual orientation. The uniformity that is beyond our sexual extents there is outward effects of life practices, plus the choices we decide in our lives also affect our chances, circumstances, and elevations and since these controls, outward extents of religion, maternal prominence, and presence may influence others to produce conventions about the immigrants (Naylor 1999). Therefore, diversity need to be fostered in all terms of climate of acceptance and cultural pluralism in the United States in the following ways. First, Asian, Hispanic, black, and American Indian kids require the same basic skills that we have low priorities that white children require. This is a recognizable point, but it is most forgotten idea when the subject of multiethnic education is raised. Second, they need a broad considerate of our form of government and its organizations because we live in a country in which we enjoy countless freedom, but we also live in a country in which people are extremely unconcerned. Third, we must teach our children the history of this United States and there are many sources where we can get that histor y. Finally, all American kids need a well understanding of the world in which we live, and this includes something of the history of other nations. They need a foundation in geography, which, if shown well, will also teach them why nations advanced as they did. Rivers, terrain and climate are all important to the improvement of culture and should be understood well (Naylor, 1997). The ways in which media perpetuate stereotyping and prejudice are relatively few. Erratically, there are studies within fields of journalism and mass confabulation that concentrate on stereotype and prejudice decline. One of the way is applying an audience-based tactic that openly teaches audiences how to be critical media consume while the other method is use message based method which enables the participants with all stereotypical news narratives that explain the existing cultural practices about various racial groups. The results of these two media-based methods on the availability of unfriendly and compassionate racial typecasts are considered to be having a great change. Finally every individual need to construct up prejudice akin in other states such as Germany, china and Japan to improve our entrepreneurship. This may be called Ideology but we have to become one, not versatile and unlike (Lester, 2011, Lind, 2010).ReferencesLester, P. M. (2011). Images That Injure Pictorial Stereotypes in the Media, Third Edition. Santa Barbara ABC-CLIO.Lind, R. A. (2010). Race/gender/media Considering diversity, across audiences, content, and producers. Boston Allyn & Bacon.Naylor, L. L. (1999). Problems and issues of diversity in the United States. Westport, Conn. u.a. Bergin & Garvey.Naylor, L. L. (1997). Cultural diversity in the United States. Westport, Conn. u.a. Bergin & Garvey.Source document

The Importance of Keeping Your Chain of Command Informed

It is important to keep your cooking stove of reign informed at all times, especially if you ar in bill of the well being of soldiers. On the twenty sixth of January I failed as a Non Commissioned Officer to fulfill this duty. I was informed that one of my soldiers talent be going to the hospital. I asked that person to keep me informed of my soldiers status. Instead I should have checked on the soldier in person because her health was already in a fragile state and the problem she was having was of a very serious nature. I allow my soldier vote pop up and jeopardize her by trying to keep the situation at the lowest level.I knew it was important to her that at the time her situation remained discreet. Although my soldiers personal heart is their business, their health and well being is mine and that should have taken precedence. My actions not only affected my soldier and myself but by retentivity my chain of command in the dark I potentially could have affected their rep utation negatively in the sense that, should that soldiers condition been much severe they would have been blindsided and their chain have command would have question why they did not act sooner.I took the situation too lightly and that was not my place to brush it finish off and assume that everything would get better. I know now that as an NCO it is my job to take care of my soldiers but it takes more than one NCO to do so. By keeping my squad leader and platoon sergeant out of the equation I limit my resources for friend on evaluating and fixing the problem. What I should have done the second that this reading was passed down to me was to contact the soldier themselves to affirm the information and get details and then immediately get a hold of my chain of command and let them know what is going on.My chain of command has been in the ARMY much longer then I and would know better what to do in a situation like this. It was selfish of me to think I was able to handle a situatio n of this matter on my own. I should have gone to the mass who have experience in how to handle the situation and would do what is best for the soldier. My counseling says When you receive information about a soldier being move to the hospital it is your obligation to inform your chain of command so that information can be passed up the chain and the appropriate actions can be taken if need be.I infrastand that it might not seem like a very big channel but a soldier acquiring admitted to the hospital for any reason can take a turn for the worse without notice and also we have to account for the soldier while they are in the hospital. In the future make sure you pass this information up the chain as soon as it is trustworthy. This counseling helped me grow as a NCO because it made good points that I never thought of when acting in this situation. First of all the fact that I, someone who is not a remediate cannot make a proper evaluation of someone in order to assume that the re health problem is no big deal.And by acting like is no big deal I could have made the situation take a turn for the worse. Also I neglected to toy with the importance of knowing my soldiers general where abouts at all times whether at work in the field and even at home. The consequences of my actions could have resulted in more than a counseling. Most importantly my soldier could have been in serious danger and by the time I seeked help it could have been too late to keep the condition of the situation minimal. She could have gotten really sick and her chain of command would have no idea and therefore would have been no help to her.Furthermore my dereliction of duty is punishable under the uniform code of military justice. It could have led to a loss in rank and behave or dismissal and separation from the Army under Army Regulation six-hundred and thirty five dash two-hundred chapters five, nine, thirteen and fourteen. If this would have happened I could have received an honor able discharge or even worse an other than honorable discharge. The results of these actions would have been immense. I would have not only have let down that solider but my other soldiers as well as my chain of command.Without the Army I would be unable to support my future family and would have let down my family and my country because I am a good soldier and am learning to become a good NCO. It all goes back to the NCO creed where it states that I will communicate consistently with my soldiers and will never leave them uniformed. It goes unsaid that I am responsible for linking the information between my chain of command and those soldiers under my command. When I got a call saying my soldier needed me I neglected to act on this and inform my chain of command who is equipped to deal with the situation.In the future I will be sure to notify my chain of command of anything that has to do with my soldiers or I because they can not mightily do their jobs if I do not do mine. I am s orry for being careless and plan to use this event as a learning tool. I now know how serious things can get when a corporal tries to do the job of a platoon sergeant and will not let it happen again. A lot of people say that it takes a community to raise a child being an NCO is very much the said(prenominal) because one NCO cannot do everything it takes to take care of a soldier, it takes a platoon.

E-Business-Issues and Challenges

E- descent Issues and Challenges Ashmita Paul Abstract In todays business climate, e-business can become an impact on every facet of the organization, including supply chain management, leasing, non-cash payment, mail order commerce or the rise of service economy. As said by Lou Gerstner, ex CEO of IBM, E-business is all about clock cycle, speed, globalization, enhanced productivity, reaching new customers and sharing knowledge across institutions for competitive advantage. E-business is transforming companies and industries, at an accelerating rate. Business cycles that used to be measured in years are now measured in days.This opus deals with the various issues of e-business as well as the argufys being faced. Issues can be technological and non-technological. Technological issues investigated allow in telecommunication, hardware, software and the availability of technical skill sets. Non-technological issues are often tie in to intellectual property concerns, copyright, tra demark, conviction/cash policies and privacy. As companies have embraced the internet as a business medium, they have discovered that their biggest challenge is not only establishing connectivity and infrastructure but is the safe and secure transmission and sensitive information.This paper focussed on emerging issues of e-business that are more high-up and stern in developing and emerging economies. An contract has also been made in the paper to throw light on the challenges to e-business that are more related to strengthening success factors, establishing barriers to failure, diminishing barriers to success and fighting the failure factors. Key words E-Business, Technological, Non-Technological, Challenges.

Democratizing Effect of Internet Essay

In the new serviceman of today, on that point has been a whole new transformation in how quite a little access information. preferably than having access to information alone, they plow it with their peers and gain valuable insights into a topic through and through with(predicate) the ideas and opinions of others involved. (Ferdinand , 2000) There argon contrary conversational technologies through which information obtainable on the internet has and is be happen democratized. These include blogs, inspect rooms, online communities, e-mails, discussion forums, sites like facebook and orkut. com. e reallydaywealth discuss different issues with each other from different parts of the world through these sources and contribute in effective exchange and dissemination of information. These nominate also dish uped in creating a social circle where hoi polloi become friends with each other though located in different parts of the world. This means that internet has removed all ph ysical boundaries and has created a virtual world where some(prenominal) one gutter communicate across the barriers. Through discussions, people strengthen their friendship base and stir up to know about different perspectives relating to a single topic.People express their ideas and opinions freely on communities without all fear which git be seen and thought by all. This sharing of knowledge is mainly carried out through conversations where people involve in healthy discussion or raise questions and others answer them. Then there atomic number 18 blogs created on different topics where people view their thoughts on that particular topic. This is non only universe done by people to burn time rather this has become their hobby. They like taking an officious part in discussion and join communities and post their messages. (David Simon, Corrales , and Wolfensberger , 2002)Organizations are responsible for creating, sharing, storing and retrieving valuable information which helps in the functioning of the business. The internet has helped in doing so. They train employed different knowledge management and information systems which help in the creation and sharing of information. These systems have also ca utilise the internet to democratize information so that everyone workings in an organization can make use of that. Every employee from middle take to the strategic level has a computer working on his desk with internet connectivity.They use internet to bring in inventive and innovate ideas which raises their position in the organization. Previously, people used to refrain from sharing data or knowledge with others because of the difference in their cultural backgrounds. Most of the conversation was done face to face so people felt uncomfortable in sharing their ideas and opinions. tho since internet technologies have become incorporated in the organization, the employees can discuss different issues through the internet on their computers with ot hers without any face to face contact.This has change magnitude their comfort level in presenting their ideas and opinions without any fear of criticism. Organizations have developed intranet and portals where employees and manages share information and discuss any of their issues or businesss. Now let us discuss how information is democratized on internet through different conversational technologies. Examples are illustrated to support the topic to make it understand in a let on means. BLOGS The first truly elected tool used through the internet is blogging.These are web pages created on different topics by authors, teachers, politicians, creative writers, organizations, communities etc to discussing a particular issue and share with others whatever information they have on that particular topic. They also invite ideas, opinions and suggestions from others who view the website to share their comments over the topic. Different bloggers write on different topics and make their information accessible to others. Since everyone can view blogs and comment on it, this information circulates and everyone victimisation internet comes to know about it sooner or later.This creates a democratizing effect on the population by blogs. An example would further illustrate this point. (Saco , 2002) Chinese people were not happy with Dell computers and started blogging about it on the internet. They criticized Dell computers and laptops for their wrong processors and poor customer service and everyone eventually learned about that living in different countries like U. K, U. S. A etc. Dell customers dissatisfied with the product started discussing the drawbacks in the products online.The angry customers have together from different areas and raised voices against the company leading to severe action like lawsuit. This is the power of blogs or in other al-Qurans the power of internet. This led the Dell Company into serious trouble when they axiom that their purchases we re declining and not only their head markets but others were also getting wrong impressions of the company. The customers created a bad word of mouth by blogging on the internet and people all over the world believed that to be true. This created a democratic effect and every one developed a negative attitude towards Dell products.Because of the democratic effect of the internet, people all over the world feel free and empowered to share their opinions and post their comments related to their experiences on websites readable to millions of users. These users also tend to believe their comments and take similar actions. Recently multinationals are themselves creating blogs about their products on web pages and inviting their customers comments after experiencing their products. This way the organizations can know whether their target market likes or dislikes their products, whether they feel content and satisfied or not.Moreover, people read blogs related to a product before going f or its purchase to avoid any negative feelings thereafter. There are blogs available on a breadth of topics, people blog about the things they like as well as they dislike and this information spreads so quickly through internet that one cannot even imagine the speed. Online Communities People create online communities on topics that interest them. They are like discussion forums where people post their comments related to that topic. They come to know about different perspectives existing on a single topic and sometimes train with it and some times contradict it.These forums are like debating societies where a group of people speaks in upgrade of a particular topic piece others speak in against. The tone of the discussion varies. By fighting(a) in discussion forums people share their information and also take information from others which increases their knowledge base. Communities can also be created on a wide range of topics and have a similar wallop as blogs. People ask que stions and others answer them thus, allowing the information to circulate worldwide. Chat Rooms This is the most common type of tool used for colloquy of personal as well as professional information. sort of of posting comments there, tattle rooms offer instantaneous communication. They are used in organizations for communication and problem solving purposes. Students and teachers use chat rooms for working on assignments and projects etc. An example for explaining the democratizing effect of chat rooms is the case of Colgate-Palmolive (CL). It was spread through chat rooms in 2005 by Chinese people that Colgate Total Toothpaste which is a product of CL was linked with cancer because it contained a cancer ca victimisation ingredient. non only chat rooms, discussion forums as well blogs played a major role in spreading this information throughout the world so that more and more people should abstain from using this toothpaste as it could be dangerous to life. CL noticed that the sa le of its Colgate Total tooth paste nearly faded because of the internets democratizing effect. This effect is causing much harm to multinational companies whose products are not creation sold in the world market because of the opinion of people living in one country. netmail E-mail is one of the most frequently used ways by the whole population for communication purposes.It the replacement of traditional system of writing letters but is faster, speedy, and more efficient. Information is spread very quickly through e-mails. If a person receives an instructive mail then he quickly transport it to all his peers and friends in social circle who then forward it to their peers and the cycle goes on like this. This way the information continues to spread among population without any stop. Whenever we receive any forward mail, the message first starts with a huge list to which the message has already been forwarded. This way one receives huge information regarding different topics.Rec ently, I received a forward mail in which there was mentioned how mobile phones can burst while used on charge. There were even pictures given to support the point. I immediately forwarded the mail to everyone I knew because it is important for everyone to know the consequences of using mobile phones while being on charge. Another such informative mail was circulated which contained that mentos and cold drinks should not be consumed simultaneously as it leads to death. It showed pictures of an experiment by putting mentos into a bottle of coke which burst with showers.People receive these mails through different sources and we circulate these mails to as legion(predicate) people as possible because we want the world to become aware of these little things which can have bigger consequences. CONCLUSION The above discussion makes it clear how internet can result in the democratizing of information. Critics moot that it is not democratizing of information but it is creating a pro soci al change among the masses. They say it depends on a person who is using internet. If they are using it for democratizing purposes then it will surely have a democratizing effect.But since internet allows access to all and information is available to all regardless of the purpose for which it is being used then it is rightly said that internet has a democratizing effect. It has created a virtual world where information is not mended and continues to spread among the masses through blogs, e-mail, chat rooms and discussion forums. Any one can create information over the internet and anyone can read that piece of information. There exists no limit and boundaries. Thus, internet has increasingly become a democratizing tool for masses and people use it with increased naught and determination. (Tranvik , 2005)

“Lord of the flies” by William Golding Analysis

Choose a novel in which the novelist makes effective use of symbolism. Show how the writer made use of this technique to enhance your appreciation of the school text as a whole. In your answer you mustiness refer closely to the text, and to at least tierce of symbolism, theme, structure, or any other appropriate feature. Lord of the Flies by William Golding Have you ever imagined beingness stranded on a fictitious tropical island? , Or how some waking up oneness morning with a group of children on an island and finding out there is no sign of gravid life?In the track record Lord of the flies by William Golding these circumstances come true as a group of young boys are stranded on an island as they exhibit their fight for choice fol depressive disordering a plane crash. The boys face a tough task on the island as they face the expectance of the unkn birth. The first sign of symbolism in the book is when one of the little boys, comparablewise known as the littluns, tells t he group that he saw A snake-thing. Ever so big. This puts the group into an uproar about how some sort of beast is lurking on the island.Also you can read Analysis July at the manifoldBeing holder of the conch, Ralph tries to calm everybody down by saying he must have had a nightmare, but Jack just has to pop in stating that if there was a snake wed scat it and kill it. During the night of the boys search for the beast, Jack claims to have seen it. The following morning he calls a showdown and lets everyone know that there is really a beast. The beast a creation of the boys minds, reflected as the nigh terrorisation object ever. The beast was slowly transformed from a bear to a flying, invisible, living thing, which eats everything in its way, especially human beings.It holds hero-worship in the most terrifying way causing the give the axe of the book to develop like it does. Although the beast they imagine doesnt exist, they flinch at the thought of the beast. This changes their behavior they are so scared that they do not wander alone in the jungle. This fear, which the beast causes in the boys, allows Jack to concur his tribe under his command by creating an image for him. He is looked up upon as someone gutsy and strong, not scared of the beast unlike everyone else.The fire on the mountain is a symbol of fudge and hope, and use as a signal for attracting the attention of passing boats/planes which might rescue them. Ralph introduced this idea in an attempt to establish a shift of kids for the maintenance of the fire. Towards the middle of the book, the shift wasnt followed, resulting in the fire being put out. It is easy to transform that when the fire burns high the boys have a high common sense of hope of being rescued, but when the fire burns low because of neglect there is a low sense of hope and depression affects them all.Despite all of Ralphs attempts to keep the fire going throughout the book, Jacks function is too strong and with the tribe Jack formed, Ralph is forced to let it burn out since he has no one to take care of the fire. The lord of the flies is a pigs head on a sake used as a sacrifice for the beast. It is devoted this name for the swarm of flies, which surround it. Jack believes that by giving the beast some food, the beast will not some(prenominal)er his tribe. At one hint in the novel, it appears to be talking to Simon defining what is evil and what is dear.This conversation inspires Simon to go to the mountain to find the beast. He realizes that the beast does not exist and this leads him to his death when he is brutally killed by the other kids because they thought he was the beast. The scar symbolizes a wound caused by mankind upon an untouched natural island. It is the place where the airplane crashed on the island. It plowed through the thick jungle, creating an area of chopped-down trees and shrubs. This is the place where Piggy and Ralph first met. Piggy introduced himself and became R alphs companion.Read also Analysis of Characters in Flannery OConnors The Life You Save May Be Your Own blotto to the scar is the pool that Ralph and Piggy find the conch in. The conch is an symbol of peace, organization, and honesty for it has an authority which Ralph created at the beginning of the book. The conch is used to establish order in the boys meetings because whoever has the conch, has the near to speak. The conch gave order in a world without grown ups and, like the law, it was respected, but when the kids realize that there was no punishment for disobeying it, they took advantage of the freedom to rebel against it.In the end of the book, when the conch is destroyed, Ralph is forced to give up and, with him all the desperate attempts to be civilized are pointless. Golding presented numerous themes and staple fibre ideas that give the reader something to think about. One of the most basic and obvious themes is that society holds everyone together, and without these con ditions, our ideals, values, and the basics of right and wrong are lost. Golding is also showing that morals come directly from our surroundings, and if there is no shade around us, we will lose these values.There were many other possible secondary themes I sight in the book such as people will abuse power when its not earned, When granted a chance, people often single out another to degrade or improve their own security, You can only cover up inner savagery so long before it breaks out, given the right situation, Its better to examine the consequences of a decision before you make it than to discover them afterwards and the fear of the unknown can be a powerful force, which can turn you to either insight or madness.One thing I found interesting about this novel was I recognized that we must study and compare the characters of Jack and Ralph to understand Goldings meaning of the novel. Once the author lets the reader find the characters of similarities and differences it lets the m understand Jacks and Ralphs rivalry. Golding tries to tell us a lesson of staying in a civilized society and not entering the tenebrific and gloomy society. Watch the people around you for the people closest may be the people about to destroy civilization and the chance of being saved in this case.The Lord of the Flies has so farthermost been the one of the most interesting books I have ever read. The book is extremely addictive and written very cleverly, it did not take long for me to get into and finish it. Golding is an author with deep thoughts and a good understanding of human nature, which was very noticeable throughout the novel. I felt the novel was certainly both entertaining and educational. Entertaining in a way that the book is packed full of death, torture and most importantly, realism.Reading this book made feel as though I had my own character fiber in my mysterious exploration of the unknown. The educational side of the book I think was being on the adventure. What you learned from your experience. It lets you see what kind of issues you would have to handle or face up to if you were on the island with the others. If I was to trapped on an island now I think actually reading Lord of the Flies who have me with experience and ideas to take me through my fight for survival.

Napoleon’s policies as First Consul Essay

In on the whole that he did, his chief(prenominal) aim was to see to it himself in power. How far do you agree with this judgement on catnaps policies as First Consul?After the Coup of Brumaire in 1799, sleep emerged as the bracing leader of France and devised a system of administration that gave him importive control over all aspects of life in France. He controlled religion, education, law-making, policing, effectual re variations and the economic situation by putting in place a series of policies, de sign(a) both to comply with some principles of the Revolution whilst also giving sleep control and pledge in power. This bear witness looks to investigate how far each of these policies suggest that short sleeps main aim was always to secure himself in power. cat sleeps policy of police and propaganda is the near obviously repressive of all the policies. M each aspects of his heavy policing aline with dictatorial governances, as does his policy of censorship and (oft en false or manipulated) propaganda. France became effectively a Police State, with Napoleon at the core. The Minister of Police, Joseph Fouch, who controlled National Security, established a network of informers who monitored public opinion and reported on any suspicious political activity. They also monitored e trulyday life in France the education system prisons pabulum supplies conscription and public works. All findings were written in a daily report, submitted directly to Napoleon. These jobs were carried out by prefects (effectively spies) who were appointed directly by Napoleon.By organising such(prenominal) a well-organised surveillance system, the regime encountered little rivalry from the Jacobins, Royalists or Liberals. Due to the rigorous nature of the police, no uprising or rebellion was possible, thereby ensuring Napoleon was safe in power. Due to the dictatorial style of this policy, it is obvious Napoleon was trying to ensure security in power and establish himsel f as leader without immediate opposition or objection from minority groups and the general public by repressing anyone opposed to the regime. Under the Police State, arbitrary imprisonments and executions were frequent. As a result people were AFRAID to oppose the regime.Napoleon also recognised the importance of censorship in securing his position in power as this quote showsIf the press is non controlled, I shall not catch ones breath three days in powerIn January 1800, Napoleon reduced the number of newspaper in Paris from 73 to 13 and for fully growne the production of any new ones. On top of this, newspapers were forbidden to converse controversial subjects and were kept short of reliable news. Editors were forced to rely on military bulletins or articles make in the Official Government Journal. An example of a manipulated story within the press is the report of the battle of Marengo. Although this battle was unsuccessful, it was presented as a triumph and Napoleon told p eople it was a well-devised plan. Prefects also kept a check on papers to ensure that they save published what Napoleon wanted. Not only were the bad aspects of the regime censored, but also the good aspects were highlighted (or sometimes invented). This was intended to rouse moral and encourage support for the regime. Napoleons increased popularity through propaganda meant increased security in power.Napoleon did not only control the medium of text. Many theatres were forced to close, to empty defamatory shows about the regime from being performed, and those that remained overt were only allowed to show sanctioned plays. Napoleon also employed fashionable painters to depict him as a romantic hero (such as the famous picture of Napoleon crossing the Alps, by Jacques Louis David). In umteen of his portraits he is shown as having a positive impact on France, encouraging the public to believe this was true.Napoleon aimed to create unwavering followers, or at least people who acc epted and tolerated the regime. His harsh measures of policing prove a desperation to remain in power and secure a popular public opinion. If the public were not convinced to support Napoleon through the extensive propaganda, then any opposed were repressed by force.In Napoleons government policies and his self-induced role of First Consul under the Constitution of the course of instruction VIII, it is clear he in demand(p) supreme control and power in France. The limited influence of the system of election on government figures meant virtually all aspects of the legislature were controlled or heavily influenced by Napoleon himself. Under the Constitution of the Year X, the system of election was abolished completely. This ensured Napoleon could not be removed from power. By organising the government in this way, he was obviously intentionally ensuring security in power.However, not all of Napoleons government policies skunk be directly related to this aim. Although the overall n ature of the legislature was very similar to the Ancin government activity (i.e. Napoleon had effective control of the entire government), some aspects were in keeping with revolutionary ideas that had no (obvious) effect on Napoleons security in power. For example, although Napoleon devised and instigated all new laws, they were in keeping with revolutionary ideas. Napoleon ensured a mixture of old and new laws under the Civil Code. This Napoleonic concept, somewhat in stock with his policy of a police state, ensured equating in courts and also fairer trials and hearings. This cannot directly be interpreted as an intentionally devised plan to ensure Napoleons security in power. However, it is possible that by creating a legal system conforming to some revolutionary ideals, Napoleon hoped to gain the publics loyalty and support, thereby increase his popularity, therefore securing himself in power.Napoleon also developed a new religious policy. The Concordat signed by pontiff Piu s VII and Napoleon in 1801, saw the payoff of the Catholic Church in France and the revolutionary idea of the state payment of the perform. Napoleon was raised a Catholic and was keen to encourage religion within France, as this quote showsNo society can exist without equality of fortunes and equalityof fortunes can not exist without religion.However, the Concordat was manipulated to Napoleons obvious advantage as well. In signing the Concordat, the Pope agreed to endorse the Revolution and regime, state control of the churches and church appointments and accept the loss of church lands during the Revolution. Also, in 1802, Napoleon attached the Organic Articles, without papal agreement, to the Concordat. These guaranteed the revolutionary principle of religious toleration and made the Protestant and Jewish churches similarly subject to state authority.It can be argued that one of Napoleons aims in forming the Concordat was to ensure a lack of interference from the church, meaning his position in France could not be affected by the Pope or any other religious order. However, whether or not this was his main motive in signing the Concordat is less certain. Although the church was a powerful tool in controlling and influencing the public and was often used as a vehicle of propaganda, Napoleons appetite to influence and manipulate the public cannot justify other aspects of the Concordat such as the state responsibility for the payment of the clergy.On reflection, it appears that whilst in some aspects of his religious policy Napoleon whitethorn have been genuinely trying to improve life in France, it is clear that in other areas of the policy, such as his better of rifts between the Church and the notables after the seizing of church lands in 1789, were intentional to appease certain groups of people, such as the Bourgeoisie, therefore securing himself in power. He also aimed to disassociate the Catholic Church with the principle of counter-revolution and the restoration of the Bourbon Monarchy therefore avoiding a potential Jacobin uprising, which could be detrimental to his position in power. His further use of the church as a propaganda tool also justifies this theory, as in this way, the public were encouraged to see Napoleon as a positive figure. His desire to win the publics support of the regime and therefore of him, was rooted in his wish to remain in power, as is displayed in this policy.Napoleon also established a new economic policy designed to tap the wealth of the country more effectively than during the Ancin regimen or the Revolution. His principle of taxation went against revolutionary ideas, with industrial and commercial profits being taxed only lightly. This may be seen as a further example of Napoleon attempting to appease and win support of the Bourgeoisie, thereby ensuring popularity and securing his position in power.Other aspects of this policy included the introduction of new discount banks designed to seco nd the state pay off its national debt and pay its obligations to domestic creditors. This policy increased the efficiency of revenue enhancement and led to the balancing of the budget by 1802. Citizens would have been pleased with Frances new economic constancy, potentially leading to increased support for Napoleon and the regime. However, whether Napoleon put in place this policy for this discernment of for the stabilisation and well-being pf Frances economy cannot be proven.Napoleons educational policy is perhaps his most revolutionary policy due to his introduction of substitute schools into France. He formed 39 lyces in 1802, which were run by the state.Public education should be the first object of government. Everything depends upon it, the past, the present and the future. Above all we must secure unity we must be able to cast a whole coevals in the same mould.However, despite Napoleon saying that education should be based on ability, not birth, very few common people a ttended secondary school. They were taught up to the age of twelve by small, church-run schools. It was believed by Napoleon, that they needed no more than a simple moral education. No form of education was available to girls at any age or from any background. It was mostly the sons of notables who attended secondary school. In total there were 6,400 state scholarships available. One third of these (approximately 2,400) were chosen by the government from among the sons of soldiers of officials.The be 4,000 were supposedly chosen from the best pupils at leading primary schools. However, well-off families were favoured and only a very small percentage of common people attended secondary school. Many bourgeois parents preferred to ventilate their children to privately run Church schools, favouring the increased freedom of thought and wider curriculum. However, Napoleon did not approve and act to close them by placing high taxes on them.The education itself was ultitarian and based a round a Spartan regime with a strong military ethos. At first only Latin and Mathematics were taught but as time went on, other subjects (deemed acceptable by the government) were introduced such as French, History, Science and Geography. Freethinking was discouraged and pedagogy methods followed a policy of indoctrination. Napoleon wanted education to encourage obedience to the regime and create loyal subjects from an early age. There is little in this policy that suggests Napoleon wishing to initially secure himself in power. However, as this new education system was largely beneficial to France, citizens may, unwittingly, increase their support of Napoleon and the regime. Whether, this was on purpose intended by Napoleon cannot be proven.On balance, I believe that all of Napoleons devised policies had a basis in ensuring his security in power, some more so than others. His police and propaganda policy is obviously based on initially securing himself in power without hindrances from rebellions or uprisings. Also, his religious policy was designed not only to appease the Pope and guarantee a lack of interference, but also to avoid a potential Jacobin uprising through an association between the Catholic Church and the Bourbon Monarchy. Others, such as his educational policy, are subtler, encouraging support for the regime through improved life within France. In all areas, he is seen as either directly influencing the public, either by force or by propaganda, or indirectly influencing the public by creating better conditions in France, therefore encouraging support of the regime.I believe that it was Napoleons main aim to secure himself in power. After all, if he disappear out of favour quickly, all of his other aims, such as creating a better France, would fall with him. It was unexpressed that he secured himself in power as soon as possible, in order that he capability put all his other aims into action. Ultimately, most of his actions aimed either to li mit or prevent the impact any opposes to the regime may have on Napoleons security in power or to create a better France thereby increasing popularity of the regime. However that is not to say that other policies did not centre around a different aim, such as the economic policy, which aimed to create financial stability in France primarily, and possibly may have contributed to increased support and popularity of Napoleon and his regime.

Reaction Paper on Cybercrime Act of 2012

Cybercrime Law in the Philippines The Cybercrime Prevention typify of 2012, sign(a) by President Benigno Aquino III on Sep. 12, aims to fight online pornography, hacking, identity theft and spamming following local faithfulness enforcement agencies complaints over the lack of legal tools to combat cybercrime. However, the rectitude came with tougher legal penalties for Internet defamation, compared to traditional media. It also drop by the officesides politics to collect data from personal user accounts on social media and listen in on vowelise and video applications such as Skype, without a warrant.Users who post defamatory comments on Facebook or Twitter, for example, could be sentenced to up 12 divisions in jail. The Cybercrime Prevention bring of 2012, also cutn as Republic Act 10175, may aim to bring crime-fighting into the 21st century by addressing harmful deeds committed with the use of the ecumenic net except it raises the risk of even outs violations and cur tailment of granting immunity of manner and of the press by expanding the concept of the criminalized turn of events of libel.The uprightness also raises the penal sentence for libel committed in cyberspace superstar year longer than that imposed in the Revise Penal Code for libel in general. The salient features of the Act include internationally consistent definitions for certain cybercrimes, nuanced liability for perpetrators of cybercrimes, increased penalties, greater authority granted to fair play enforcement authorities, expansive jurisdictional authority to mastersecute cybercrimes, provisions for international cybercrime coordination efforts and greater ability to combat cybercrimes.It is highly advisable that the imperfections in the law, the provisions that conflict with other aspects of good governance and national and international obligations, be corrected soon through amendments. Strong leadership does not shirk from acknowledging the need to revise and gird p olicy and law. The calls for amendment should not be seen as personal attacks on anyones character or effectiveness. The subroutine of the President has replied to the outcry against the libel provision in the new law by saying that granting immunity comes with responsibility.Yes, and, indeed we all take aim responsibilities to respect the rights of others and the press is obliged to observe professional ethical standards, but the regulation of independence, in order to impose responsibility and order, should not cross the line into curtailment of the freedom or creating an environment in which such rights cannot be exuberanty and equally enjoyed. While the Convention does allow sovereign governments to regulate freedom of expression, such regulation should be done in a way that does not curtail the freedom. The Committee further elaborates in General Comment No. 4 (2011), States parties should read the decriminalization of defamation and, in any case, the application of the c riminal law should only be countenanced in the virtually serious of cases and imprisonment is never an appropriate penalty. Among the ironies of the relatively quick passage of this legislation and the clock thereof 1. It is not compliant with the ICCPR, which was ratified by President Corazon C. Aquino, after decades of non-ratification by President Ferdinand Marcos 2. It was sign(a) by President Benigno S.Aquino III days before the country marked the 40th anniversary of the solution of Martial Law, a period whose chief characteristics include repression of the freedom of expression, freedom of the press, and the right to political confederacy and dissent and 3. The 1987 Constitution, whom the President and all the lawmakers have sworn to uphold has a number of provisions with which this law is not consistent, including the provision that No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press (Art. 3, Sec. ), the guarantee of full respect for h uman rights, the recognition of the vital role of communication and information in nation-building, and the inviolable right of the spate to be secure in their persons, papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures. I believe that the cybercrime prevention law is constitutional. It has undergone many examinations before making it to the presidents office. The president himself examined and even signed it. If it were unconstitutional, the senate would have noticed it during the revision period.Many members of the senate should have reacted earlier than they did. Many of them only reacted when the law caught the publics attention. I think, therefore, that the senators deemed it constitutional before their opinion was tainted with the publics comments. I am neither against nor pro cybercrime prevention law. I believe the author of the law is only thinking of protecting his countrymen from malicious nation of the internet. I would like to believe that he really didnt mean to suppress our freedom of expression in writing this bill. The law itself does not really state that we cant write anything we want.I suppose the objective of this bill is to teach Filipino people responsible usage of the internet. People who are victims of sprinkling and other libelous act done on the internet have no way to go when their reputation is being attacked. Due to the passage of this law, there can now be protection for these victims. On the other hand, the law has its own flaws. The public are feeling uncomfortable that there is a company of people monitoring their activity on the net. For some, especially socially awkward people like me, the web is their only escape from their life.And the idea that someone is watching over that new life you built is adept plain unthinkable. It restricts the way you speak by simply being there. It is worse than having people actually assure at the real you be go you dont know who would be looking and when they would be look ing. The way you act will change whether you like it or not. There is also major mass hysterics because of the act of forbidding websites such as Piratebay where people can usually download stuffs for free. I, for one, is also against this. Students like me have hold in allowance.How are we expected to pay for movies, songs, games? These free stuffs help us relax and unwind after good school work. How will we indulge ourselves in these luxuries if these sites will be banned? When the bill became a law and much more when no temporary restraining order was issued a day prior to its implementation, the whole Philippines was in rage. In Facebook and Twitter alone, various opinions on why it shouldnt have been signed to become a law in the first place were shared by different people concerned citizens, most of them.But it is not a secret that what enraged most Filipinos is the inclusion of Libel in the law. According to clause 353 of the Revised Penal Code A libel is public and malic ious imputation of a crime, or of a vice or defect, real or imaginary, or any act, omission, condition, status, or circumstance tending to cause the dishonor, discredit, or contempt of a natural or juridical person, or to blacken the memory of one who is dead. Although the definition is said to have been modified to fit the Internet, people still dispute this simply because it violates their rights for freedom of speech and expression.The lawmakers say that when a person says something negative about something or someone that can already be grounds for libel. What if I say I am so disappointed with person/brand. What a malodorous service Is this libelous or what? What if I criticize a member of the Senate for his unlawful action? fire that person sue me for libel? What if the person who wrote an article was only disseminating valuable information that people should know? Will he/she be held liable for it? When they start with the amendments, our lawmakers should not forget ARTICL E III variance 4 of the 1987 Constitution. Section 4.No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances. I believe a persons entitle to his/her own opinion. And the whole Philippines shouldnt carry the burden of being silenced just because other people couldnt accept this fact. Sorces http//www. zdnet. com/ph/philippine-cybercrime-law-under-fire-6th-petition-filed-7000005076/ http//www. interaksyon. com/article/44546/cybercrime-law-may-put-philippines-in-more-trouble-with-un-for-curtailing-press-freedom Roni Lyn B. Amaranto AT 110