Diversity in the United States Essay

Diversity in the United disk operating systemsIntroduction Diversity is the concept of acceptance and respect upon every individual in relations to sexual category, ethnical and sexual coordination, and stage of development, bodily abilities and political beliefs. In United States there is synthesis of worlds abundant and varied religions, cultures and ethnic groups since it is a home to everybody and there is no group which can c either itself the most American than the other. However, the merging of cultures here is so irreplaceable and so outstanding that citizens can be in effect(p) as pleased and proud of their main cultural legacy as they argon to be an American after all. The diversity in United States assemblage takes a moral look at what it means to be an American and scrutinizes the rich legacies that encompasses the integral nation. Any culture provides its specific and incomparable contri scarcelyion to the current understanding in America and to the world generally. T he issue of diversity in America not only provides a multitude of friendly portraits of heritage and culture, but records the fights of nationalities to incorporate into the sentimental society of America, and bluelights the power and honesty of several cultural influential and socialites (Naylor, 1999, Naylor, 1997). accord to the current state of immigration in United States, diversity has however reached nearly every state in America. William Ferry, a demographer has stated that This is just a strange explosion of diversity all across the United States and thinks that diversity and immigration are going hand in hand. Due to the exalted of immigration, the current statistics indicate that Education ranks increased in every state from 2000 to 2010. Generally, the part of adults with 25 years and older with at least a high school diploma or certificate raised from 80 percent to 90 percent. Those adults with at least a bachelors degree from both university or college raised from 40 percent to 55 percent. This change could even rise higher in the coming years as far as there are available jobs and the growth of economy still continue growing in order to hold the population. Furthermore, there are all categories of construction, food processing, every kind of service jobs, the full scale, where primary agriculture is practiced (Naylor, 1997) Immigrants have also enriched American communities by bringing characteristics of their instinctive cultures with them. However, many of the bare Americans now celebrate both Christmas and other festivals drawn from African rituals. Hispanic Americans enjoy their backgrounds with street fairgrounds and other parties or events. There are many ethnic restaurants that proliferate in many American cities. For example, President John Kennedy, the grandson of Irish immigrants, commissioned up this intermingling of the old and the new when he titled America as a society of immigrants, which could hold any person irrespective o f their culture, race, religion or political ideologies and everyone would began life fresh, on an equal basis. Therefore, this is the secret of United State as a nation of people with the fresh retention of old backgrounds who venture to walk around with new borderlines (Lind, 2010). However, apart from the benefits which have been brought by the immigrants in the United States, challenges have been there more so to the government on how to counter the growing population. Services in all fields need to be increased and improved that is in organizational centers, health centers and educational centers because among the immigrants there are disabled people or people with special needs and they all expect assistance from the government. The issue of ethnicity is still there among various groups of people and this has led to gender difference and reduced sexual orientation. The uniformity that is beyond our sexual extents there is outward effects of life practices, plus the choices we decide in our lives also affect our chances, circumstances, and elevations and since these controls, outward extents of religion, maternal prominence, and presence may influence others to produce conventions about the immigrants (Naylor 1999). Therefore, diversity need to be fostered in all terms of climate of acceptance and cultural pluralism in the United States in the following ways. First, Asian, Hispanic, black, and American Indian kids require the same basic skills that we have low priorities that white children require. This is a recognizable point, but it is most forgotten idea when the subject of multiethnic education is raised. Second, they need a broad considerate of our form of government and its organizations because we live in a country in which we enjoy countless freedom, but we also live in a country in which people are extremely unconcerned. Third, we must teach our children the history of this United States and there are many sources where we can get that histor y. Finally, all American kids need a well understanding of the world in which we live, and this includes something of the history of other nations. They need a foundation in geography, which, if shown well, will also teach them why nations advanced as they did. Rivers, terrain and climate are all important to the improvement of culture and should be understood well (Naylor, 1997). The ways in which media perpetuate stereotyping and prejudice are relatively few. Erratically, there are studies within fields of journalism and mass confabulation that concentrate on stereotype and prejudice decline. One of the way is applying an audience-based tactic that openly teaches audiences how to be critical media consume while the other method is use message based method which enables the participants with all stereotypical news narratives that explain the existing cultural practices about various racial groups. The results of these two media-based methods on the availability of unfriendly and compassionate racial typecasts are considered to be having a great change. Finally every individual need to construct up prejudice akin in other states such as Germany, china and Japan to improve our entrepreneurship. This may be called Ideology but we have to become one, not versatile and unlike (Lester, 2011, Lind, 2010).ReferencesLester, P. M. (2011). Images That Injure Pictorial Stereotypes in the Media, Third Edition. Santa Barbara ABC-CLIO.Lind, R. A. (2010). Race/gender/media Considering diversity, across audiences, content, and producers. Boston Allyn & Bacon.Naylor, L. L. (1999). Problems and issues of diversity in the United States. Westport, Conn. u.a. Bergin & Garvey.Naylor, L. L. (1997). Cultural diversity in the United States. Westport, Conn. u.a. Bergin & Garvey.Source document

The Importance of Keeping Your Chain of Command Informed

It is important to keep your cooking stove of reign informed at all times, especially if you ar in bill of the well being of soldiers. On the twenty sixth of January I failed as a Non Commissioned Officer to fulfill this duty. I was informed that one of my soldiers talent be going to the hospital. I asked that person to keep me informed of my soldiers status. Instead I should have checked on the soldier in person because her health was already in a fragile state and the problem she was having was of a very serious nature. I allow my soldier vote pop up and jeopardize her by trying to keep the situation at the lowest level.I knew it was important to her that at the time her situation remained discreet. Although my soldiers personal heart is their business, their health and well being is mine and that should have taken precedence. My actions not only affected my soldier and myself but by retentivity my chain of command in the dark I potentially could have affected their rep utation negatively in the sense that, should that soldiers condition been much severe they would have been blindsided and their chain have command would have question why they did not act sooner.I took the situation too lightly and that was not my place to brush it finish off and assume that everything would get better. I know now that as an NCO it is my job to take care of my soldiers but it takes more than one NCO to do so. By keeping my squad leader and platoon sergeant out of the equation I limit my resources for friend on evaluating and fixing the problem. What I should have done the second that this reading was passed down to me was to contact the soldier themselves to affirm the information and get details and then immediately get a hold of my chain of command and let them know what is going on.My chain of command has been in the ARMY much longer then I and would know better what to do in a situation like this. It was selfish of me to think I was able to handle a situatio n of this matter on my own. I should have gone to the mass who have experience in how to handle the situation and would do what is best for the soldier. My counseling says When you receive information about a soldier being move to the hospital it is your obligation to inform your chain of command so that information can be passed up the chain and the appropriate actions can be taken if need be.I infrastand that it might not seem like a very big channel but a soldier acquiring admitted to the hospital for any reason can take a turn for the worse without notice and also we have to account for the soldier while they are in the hospital. In the future make sure you pass this information up the chain as soon as it is trustworthy. This counseling helped me grow as a NCO because it made good points that I never thought of when acting in this situation. First of all the fact that I, someone who is not a remediate cannot make a proper evaluation of someone in order to assume that the re health problem is no big deal.And by acting like is no big deal I could have made the situation take a turn for the worse. Also I neglected to toy with the importance of knowing my soldiers general where abouts at all times whether at work in the field and even at home. The consequences of my actions could have resulted in more than a counseling. Most importantly my soldier could have been in serious danger and by the time I seeked help it could have been too late to keep the condition of the situation minimal. She could have gotten really sick and her chain of command would have no idea and therefore would have been no help to her.Furthermore my dereliction of duty is punishable under the uniform code of military justice. It could have led to a loss in rank and behave or dismissal and separation from the Army under Army Regulation six-hundred and thirty five dash two-hundred chapters five, nine, thirteen and fourteen. If this would have happened I could have received an honor able discharge or even worse an other than honorable discharge. The results of these actions would have been immense. I would have not only have let down that solider but my other soldiers as well as my chain of command.Without the Army I would be unable to support my future family and would have let down my family and my country because I am a good soldier and am learning to become a good NCO. It all goes back to the NCO creed where it states that I will communicate consistently with my soldiers and will never leave them uniformed. It goes unsaid that I am responsible for linking the information between my chain of command and those soldiers under my command. When I got a call saying my soldier needed me I neglected to act on this and inform my chain of command who is equipped to deal with the situation.In the future I will be sure to notify my chain of command of anything that has to do with my soldiers or I because they can not mightily do their jobs if I do not do mine. I am s orry for being careless and plan to use this event as a learning tool. I now know how serious things can get when a corporal tries to do the job of a platoon sergeant and will not let it happen again. A lot of people say that it takes a community to raise a child being an NCO is very much the said(prenominal) because one NCO cannot do everything it takes to take care of a soldier, it takes a platoon.

E-Business-Issues and Challenges

E- descent Issues and Challenges Ashmita Paul Abstract In todays business climate, e-business can become an impact on every facet of the organization, including supply chain management, leasing, non-cash payment, mail order commerce or the rise of service economy. As said by Lou Gerstner, ex CEO of IBM, E-business is all about clock cycle, speed, globalization, enhanced productivity, reaching new customers and sharing knowledge across institutions for competitive advantage. E-business is transforming companies and industries, at an accelerating rate. Business cycles that used to be measured in years are now measured in days.This opus deals with the various issues of e-business as well as the argufys being faced. Issues can be technological and non-technological. Technological issues investigated allow in telecommunication, hardware, software and the availability of technical skill sets. Non-technological issues are often tie in to intellectual property concerns, copyright, tra demark, conviction/cash policies and privacy. As companies have embraced the internet as a business medium, they have discovered that their biggest challenge is not only establishing connectivity and infrastructure but is the safe and secure transmission and sensitive information.This paper focussed on emerging issues of e-business that are more high-up and stern in developing and emerging economies. An contract has also been made in the paper to throw light on the challenges to e-business that are more related to strengthening success factors, establishing barriers to failure, diminishing barriers to success and fighting the failure factors. Key words E-Business, Technological, Non-Technological, Challenges.

Democratizing Effect of Internet Essay

In the new serviceman of today, on that point has been a whole new transformation in how quite a little access information. preferably than having access to information alone, they plow it with their peers and gain valuable insights into a topic through and through with(predicate) the ideas and opinions of others involved. (Ferdinand , 2000) There argon contrary conversational technologies through which information obtainable on the internet has and is be happen democratized. These include blogs, inspect rooms, online communities, e-mails, discussion forums, sites like facebook and orkut. com. e reallydaywealth discuss different issues with each other from different parts of the world through these sources and contribute in effective exchange and dissemination of information. These nominate also dish uped in creating a social circle where hoi polloi become friends with each other though located in different parts of the world. This means that internet has removed all ph ysical boundaries and has created a virtual world where some(prenominal) one gutter communicate across the barriers. Through discussions, people strengthen their friendship base and stir up to know about different perspectives relating to a single topic.People express their ideas and opinions freely on communities without all fear which git be seen and thought by all. This sharing of knowledge is mainly carried out through conversations where people involve in healthy discussion or raise questions and others answer them. Then there atomic number 18 blogs created on different topics where people view their thoughts on that particular topic. This is non only universe done by people to burn time rather this has become their hobby. They like taking an officious part in discussion and join communities and post their messages. (David Simon, Corrales , and Wolfensberger , 2002)Organizations are responsible for creating, sharing, storing and retrieving valuable information which helps in the functioning of the business. The internet has helped in doing so. They train employed different knowledge management and information systems which help in the creation and sharing of information. These systems have also ca utilise the internet to democratize information so that everyone workings in an organization can make use of that. Every employee from middle take to the strategic level has a computer working on his desk with internet connectivity.They use internet to bring in inventive and innovate ideas which raises their position in the organization. Previously, people used to refrain from sharing data or knowledge with others because of the difference in their cultural backgrounds. Most of the conversation was done face to face so people felt uncomfortable in sharing their ideas and opinions. tho since internet technologies have become incorporated in the organization, the employees can discuss different issues through the internet on their computers with ot hers without any face to face contact.This has change magnitude their comfort level in presenting their ideas and opinions without any fear of criticism. Organizations have developed intranet and portals where employees and manages share information and discuss any of their issues or businesss. Now let us discuss how information is democratized on internet through different conversational technologies. Examples are illustrated to support the topic to make it understand in a let on means. BLOGS The first truly elected tool used through the internet is blogging.These are web pages created on different topics by authors, teachers, politicians, creative writers, organizations, communities etc to discussing a particular issue and share with others whatever information they have on that particular topic. They also invite ideas, opinions and suggestions from others who view the website to share their comments over the topic. Different bloggers write on different topics and make their information accessible to others. Since everyone can view blogs and comment on it, this information circulates and everyone victimisation internet comes to know about it sooner or later.This creates a democratizing effect on the population by blogs. An example would further illustrate this point. (Saco , 2002) Chinese people were not happy with Dell computers and started blogging about it on the internet. They criticized Dell computers and laptops for their wrong processors and poor customer service and everyone eventually learned about that living in different countries like U. K, U. S. A etc. Dell customers dissatisfied with the product started discussing the drawbacks in the products online.The angry customers have together from different areas and raised voices against the company leading to severe action like lawsuit. This is the power of blogs or in other al-Qurans the power of internet. This led the Dell Company into serious trouble when they axiom that their purchases we re declining and not only their head markets but others were also getting wrong impressions of the company. The customers created a bad word of mouth by blogging on the internet and people all over the world believed that to be true. This created a democratic effect and every one developed a negative attitude towards Dell products.Because of the democratic effect of the internet, people all over the world feel free and empowered to share their opinions and post their comments related to their experiences on websites readable to millions of users. These users also tend to believe their comments and take similar actions. Recently multinationals are themselves creating blogs about their products on web pages and inviting their customers comments after experiencing their products. This way the organizations can know whether their target market likes or dislikes their products, whether they feel content and satisfied or not.Moreover, people read blogs related to a product before going f or its purchase to avoid any negative feelings thereafter. There are blogs available on a breadth of topics, people blog about the things they like as well as they dislike and this information spreads so quickly through internet that one cannot even imagine the speed. Online Communities People create online communities on topics that interest them. They are like discussion forums where people post their comments related to that topic. They come to know about different perspectives existing on a single topic and sometimes train with it and some times contradict it.These forums are like debating societies where a group of people speaks in upgrade of a particular topic piece others speak in against. The tone of the discussion varies. By fighting(a) in discussion forums people share their information and also take information from others which increases their knowledge base. Communities can also be created on a wide range of topics and have a similar wallop as blogs. People ask que stions and others answer them thus, allowing the information to circulate worldwide. Chat Rooms This is the most common type of tool used for colloquy of personal as well as professional information. sort of of posting comments there, tattle rooms offer instantaneous communication. They are used in organizations for communication and problem solving purposes. Students and teachers use chat rooms for working on assignments and projects etc. An example for explaining the democratizing effect of chat rooms is the case of Colgate-Palmolive (CL). It was spread through chat rooms in 2005 by Chinese people that Colgate Total Toothpaste which is a product of CL was linked with cancer because it contained a cancer ca victimisation ingredient. non only chat rooms, discussion forums as well blogs played a major role in spreading this information throughout the world so that more and more people should abstain from using this toothpaste as it could be dangerous to life. CL noticed that the sa le of its Colgate Total tooth paste nearly faded because of the internets democratizing effect. This effect is causing much harm to multinational companies whose products are not creation sold in the world market because of the opinion of people living in one country. netmail E-mail is one of the most frequently used ways by the whole population for communication purposes.It the replacement of traditional system of writing letters but is faster, speedy, and more efficient. Information is spread very quickly through e-mails. If a person receives an instructive mail then he quickly transport it to all his peers and friends in social circle who then forward it to their peers and the cycle goes on like this. This way the information continues to spread among population without any stop. Whenever we receive any forward mail, the message first starts with a huge list to which the message has already been forwarded. This way one receives huge information regarding different topics.Rec ently, I received a forward mail in which there was mentioned how mobile phones can burst while used on charge. There were even pictures given to support the point. I immediately forwarded the mail to everyone I knew because it is important for everyone to know the consequences of using mobile phones while being on charge. Another such informative mail was circulated which contained that mentos and cold drinks should not be consumed simultaneously as it leads to death. It showed pictures of an experiment by putting mentos into a bottle of coke which burst with showers.People receive these mails through different sources and we circulate these mails to as legion(predicate) people as possible because we want the world to become aware of these little things which can have bigger consequences. CONCLUSION The above discussion makes it clear how internet can result in the democratizing of information. Critics moot that it is not democratizing of information but it is creating a pro soci al change among the masses. They say it depends on a person who is using internet. If they are using it for democratizing purposes then it will surely have a democratizing effect.But since internet allows access to all and information is available to all regardless of the purpose for which it is being used then it is rightly said that internet has a democratizing effect. It has created a virtual world where information is not mended and continues to spread among the masses through blogs, e-mail, chat rooms and discussion forums. Any one can create information over the internet and anyone can read that piece of information. There exists no limit and boundaries. Thus, internet has increasingly become a democratizing tool for masses and people use it with increased naught and determination. (Tranvik , 2005)

“Lord of the flies” by William Golding Analysis

Choose a novel in which the novelist makes effective use of symbolism. Show how the writer made use of this technique to enhance your appreciation of the school text as a whole. In your answer you mustiness refer closely to the text, and to at least tierce of symbolism, theme, structure, or any other appropriate feature. Lord of the Flies by William Golding Have you ever imagined beingness stranded on a fictitious tropical island? , Or how some waking up oneness morning with a group of children on an island and finding out there is no sign of gravid life?In the track record Lord of the flies by William Golding these circumstances come true as a group of young boys are stranded on an island as they exhibit their fight for choice fol depressive disordering a plane crash. The boys face a tough task on the island as they face the expectance of the unkn birth. The first sign of symbolism in the book is when one of the little boys, comparablewise known as the littluns, tells t he group that he saw A snake-thing. Ever so big. This puts the group into an uproar about how some sort of beast is lurking on the island.Also you can read Analysis July at the manifoldBeing holder of the conch, Ralph tries to calm everybody down by saying he must have had a nightmare, but Jack just has to pop in stating that if there was a snake wed scat it and kill it. During the night of the boys search for the beast, Jack claims to have seen it. The following morning he calls a showdown and lets everyone know that there is really a beast. The beast a creation of the boys minds, reflected as the nigh terrorisation object ever. The beast was slowly transformed from a bear to a flying, invisible, living thing, which eats everything in its way, especially human beings.It holds hero-worship in the most terrifying way causing the give the axe of the book to develop like it does. Although the beast they imagine doesnt exist, they flinch at the thought of the beast. This changes their behavior they are so scared that they do not wander alone in the jungle. This fear, which the beast causes in the boys, allows Jack to concur his tribe under his command by creating an image for him. He is looked up upon as someone gutsy and strong, not scared of the beast unlike everyone else.The fire on the mountain is a symbol of fudge and hope, and use as a signal for attracting the attention of passing boats/planes which might rescue them. Ralph introduced this idea in an attempt to establish a shift of kids for the maintenance of the fire. Towards the middle of the book, the shift wasnt followed, resulting in the fire being put out. It is easy to transform that when the fire burns high the boys have a high common sense of hope of being rescued, but when the fire burns low because of neglect there is a low sense of hope and depression affects them all.Despite all of Ralphs attempts to keep the fire going throughout the book, Jacks function is too strong and with the tribe Jack formed, Ralph is forced to let it burn out since he has no one to take care of the fire. The lord of the flies is a pigs head on a sake used as a sacrifice for the beast. It is devoted this name for the swarm of flies, which surround it. Jack believes that by giving the beast some food, the beast will not some(prenominal)er his tribe. At one hint in the novel, it appears to be talking to Simon defining what is evil and what is dear.This conversation inspires Simon to go to the mountain to find the beast. He realizes that the beast does not exist and this leads him to his death when he is brutally killed by the other kids because they thought he was the beast. The scar symbolizes a wound caused by mankind upon an untouched natural island. It is the place where the airplane crashed on the island. It plowed through the thick jungle, creating an area of chopped-down trees and shrubs. This is the place where Piggy and Ralph first met. Piggy introduced himself and became R alphs companion.Read also Analysis of Characters in Flannery OConnors The Life You Save May Be Your Own blotto to the scar is the pool that Ralph and Piggy find the conch in. The conch is an symbol of peace, organization, and honesty for it has an authority which Ralph created at the beginning of the book. The conch is used to establish order in the boys meetings because whoever has the conch, has the near to speak. The conch gave order in a world without grown ups and, like the law, it was respected, but when the kids realize that there was no punishment for disobeying it, they took advantage of the freedom to rebel against it.In the end of the book, when the conch is destroyed, Ralph is forced to give up and, with him all the desperate attempts to be civilized are pointless. Golding presented numerous themes and staple fibre ideas that give the reader something to think about. One of the most basic and obvious themes is that society holds everyone together, and without these con ditions, our ideals, values, and the basics of right and wrong are lost. Golding is also showing that morals come directly from our surroundings, and if there is no shade around us, we will lose these values.There were many other possible secondary themes I sight in the book such as people will abuse power when its not earned, When granted a chance, people often single out another to degrade or improve their own security, You can only cover up inner savagery so long before it breaks out, given the right situation, Its better to examine the consequences of a decision before you make it than to discover them afterwards and the fear of the unknown can be a powerful force, which can turn you to either insight or madness.One thing I found interesting about this novel was I recognized that we must study and compare the characters of Jack and Ralph to understand Goldings meaning of the novel. Once the author lets the reader find the characters of similarities and differences it lets the m understand Jacks and Ralphs rivalry. Golding tries to tell us a lesson of staying in a civilized society and not entering the tenebrific and gloomy society. Watch the people around you for the people closest may be the people about to destroy civilization and the chance of being saved in this case.The Lord of the Flies has so farthermost been the one of the most interesting books I have ever read. The book is extremely addictive and written very cleverly, it did not take long for me to get into and finish it. Golding is an author with deep thoughts and a good understanding of human nature, which was very noticeable throughout the novel. I felt the novel was certainly both entertaining and educational. Entertaining in a way that the book is packed full of death, torture and most importantly, realism.Reading this book made feel as though I had my own character fiber in my mysterious exploration of the unknown. The educational side of the book I think was being on the adventure. What you learned from your experience. It lets you see what kind of issues you would have to handle or face up to if you were on the island with the others. If I was to trapped on an island now I think actually reading Lord of the Flies who have me with experience and ideas to take me through my fight for survival.

Napoleon’s policies as First Consul Essay

In on the whole that he did, his chief(prenominal) aim was to see to it himself in power. How far do you agree with this judgement on catnaps policies as First Consul?After the Coup of Brumaire in 1799, sleep emerged as the bracing leader of France and devised a system of administration that gave him importive control over all aspects of life in France. He controlled religion, education, law-making, policing, effectual re variations and the economic situation by putting in place a series of policies, de sign(a) both to comply with some principles of the Revolution whilst also giving sleep control and pledge in power. This bear witness looks to investigate how far each of these policies suggest that short sleeps main aim was always to secure himself in power. cat sleeps policy of police and propaganda is the near obviously repressive of all the policies. M each aspects of his heavy policing aline with dictatorial governances, as does his policy of censorship and (oft en false or manipulated) propaganda. France became effectively a Police State, with Napoleon at the core. The Minister of Police, Joseph Fouch, who controlled National Security, established a network of informers who monitored public opinion and reported on any suspicious political activity. They also monitored e trulyday life in France the education system prisons pabulum supplies conscription and public works. All findings were written in a daily report, submitted directly to Napoleon. These jobs were carried out by prefects (effectively spies) who were appointed directly by Napoleon.By organising such(prenominal) a well-organised surveillance system, the regime encountered little rivalry from the Jacobins, Royalists or Liberals. Due to the rigorous nature of the police, no uprising or rebellion was possible, thereby ensuring Napoleon was safe in power. Due to the dictatorial style of this policy, it is obvious Napoleon was trying to ensure security in power and establish himsel f as leader without immediate opposition or objection from minority groups and the general public by repressing anyone opposed to the regime. Under the Police State, arbitrary imprisonments and executions were frequent. As a result people were AFRAID to oppose the regime.Napoleon also recognised the importance of censorship in securing his position in power as this quote showsIf the press is non controlled, I shall not catch ones breath three days in powerIn January 1800, Napoleon reduced the number of newspaper in Paris from 73 to 13 and for fully growne the production of any new ones. On top of this, newspapers were forbidden to converse controversial subjects and were kept short of reliable news. Editors were forced to rely on military bulletins or articles make in the Official Government Journal. An example of a manipulated story within the press is the report of the battle of Marengo. Although this battle was unsuccessful, it was presented as a triumph and Napoleon told p eople it was a well-devised plan. Prefects also kept a check on papers to ensure that they save published what Napoleon wanted. Not only were the bad aspects of the regime censored, but also the good aspects were highlighted (or sometimes invented). This was intended to rouse moral and encourage support for the regime. Napoleons increased popularity through propaganda meant increased security in power.Napoleon did not only control the medium of text. Many theatres were forced to close, to empty defamatory shows about the regime from being performed, and those that remained overt were only allowed to show sanctioned plays. Napoleon also employed fashionable painters to depict him as a romantic hero (such as the famous picture of Napoleon crossing the Alps, by Jacques Louis David). In umteen of his portraits he is shown as having a positive impact on France, encouraging the public to believe this was true.Napoleon aimed to create unwavering followers, or at least people who acc epted and tolerated the regime. His harsh measures of policing prove a desperation to remain in power and secure a popular public opinion. If the public were not convinced to support Napoleon through the extensive propaganda, then any opposed were repressed by force.In Napoleons government policies and his self-induced role of First Consul under the Constitution of the course of instruction VIII, it is clear he in demand(p) supreme control and power in France. The limited influence of the system of election on government figures meant virtually all aspects of the legislature were controlled or heavily influenced by Napoleon himself. Under the Constitution of the Year X, the system of election was abolished completely. This ensured Napoleon could not be removed from power. By organising the government in this way, he was obviously intentionally ensuring security in power.However, not all of Napoleons government policies skunk be directly related to this aim. Although the overall n ature of the legislature was very similar to the Ancin government activity (i.e. Napoleon had effective control of the entire government), some aspects were in keeping with revolutionary ideas that had no (obvious) effect on Napoleons security in power. For example, although Napoleon devised and instigated all new laws, they were in keeping with revolutionary ideas. Napoleon ensured a mixture of old and new laws under the Civil Code. This Napoleonic concept, somewhat in stock with his policy of a police state, ensured equating in courts and also fairer trials and hearings. This cannot directly be interpreted as an intentionally devised plan to ensure Napoleons security in power. However, it is possible that by creating a legal system conforming to some revolutionary ideals, Napoleon hoped to gain the publics loyalty and support, thereby increase his popularity, therefore securing himself in power.Napoleon also developed a new religious policy. The Concordat signed by pontiff Piu s VII and Napoleon in 1801, saw the payoff of the Catholic Church in France and the revolutionary idea of the state payment of the perform. Napoleon was raised a Catholic and was keen to encourage religion within France, as this quote showsNo society can exist without equality of fortunes and equalityof fortunes can not exist without religion.However, the Concordat was manipulated to Napoleons obvious advantage as well. In signing the Concordat, the Pope agreed to endorse the Revolution and regime, state control of the churches and church appointments and accept the loss of church lands during the Revolution. Also, in 1802, Napoleon attached the Organic Articles, without papal agreement, to the Concordat. These guaranteed the revolutionary principle of religious toleration and made the Protestant and Jewish churches similarly subject to state authority.It can be argued that one of Napoleons aims in forming the Concordat was to ensure a lack of interference from the church, meaning his position in France could not be affected by the Pope or any other religious order. However, whether or not this was his main motive in signing the Concordat is less certain. Although the church was a powerful tool in controlling and influencing the public and was often used as a vehicle of propaganda, Napoleons appetite to influence and manipulate the public cannot justify other aspects of the Concordat such as the state responsibility for the payment of the clergy.On reflection, it appears that whilst in some aspects of his religious policy Napoleon whitethorn have been genuinely trying to improve life in France, it is clear that in other areas of the policy, such as his better of rifts between the Church and the notables after the seizing of church lands in 1789, were intentional to appease certain groups of people, such as the Bourgeoisie, therefore securing himself in power. He also aimed to disassociate the Catholic Church with the principle of counter-revolution and the restoration of the Bourbon Monarchy therefore avoiding a potential Jacobin uprising, which could be detrimental to his position in power. His further use of the church as a propaganda tool also justifies this theory, as in this way, the public were encouraged to see Napoleon as a positive figure. His desire to win the publics support of the regime and therefore of him, was rooted in his wish to remain in power, as is displayed in this policy.Napoleon also established a new economic policy designed to tap the wealth of the country more effectively than during the Ancin regimen or the Revolution. His principle of taxation went against revolutionary ideas, with industrial and commercial profits being taxed only lightly. This may be seen as a further example of Napoleon attempting to appease and win support of the Bourgeoisie, thereby ensuring popularity and securing his position in power.Other aspects of this policy included the introduction of new discount banks designed to seco nd the state pay off its national debt and pay its obligations to domestic creditors. This policy increased the efficiency of revenue enhancement and led to the balancing of the budget by 1802. Citizens would have been pleased with Frances new economic constancy, potentially leading to increased support for Napoleon and the regime. However, whether Napoleon put in place this policy for this discernment of for the stabilisation and well-being pf Frances economy cannot be proven.Napoleons educational policy is perhaps his most revolutionary policy due to his introduction of substitute schools into France. He formed 39 lyces in 1802, which were run by the state.Public education should be the first object of government. Everything depends upon it, the past, the present and the future. Above all we must secure unity we must be able to cast a whole coevals in the same mould.However, despite Napoleon saying that education should be based on ability, not birth, very few common people a ttended secondary school. They were taught up to the age of twelve by small, church-run schools. It was believed by Napoleon, that they needed no more than a simple moral education. No form of education was available to girls at any age or from any background. It was mostly the sons of notables who attended secondary school. In total there were 6,400 state scholarships available. One third of these (approximately 2,400) were chosen by the government from among the sons of soldiers of officials.The be 4,000 were supposedly chosen from the best pupils at leading primary schools. However, well-off families were favoured and only a very small percentage of common people attended secondary school. Many bourgeois parents preferred to ventilate their children to privately run Church schools, favouring the increased freedom of thought and wider curriculum. However, Napoleon did not approve and act to close them by placing high taxes on them.The education itself was ultitarian and based a round a Spartan regime with a strong military ethos. At first only Latin and Mathematics were taught but as time went on, other subjects (deemed acceptable by the government) were introduced such as French, History, Science and Geography. Freethinking was discouraged and pedagogy methods followed a policy of indoctrination. Napoleon wanted education to encourage obedience to the regime and create loyal subjects from an early age. There is little in this policy that suggests Napoleon wishing to initially secure himself in power. However, as this new education system was largely beneficial to France, citizens may, unwittingly, increase their support of Napoleon and the regime. Whether, this was on purpose intended by Napoleon cannot be proven.On balance, I believe that all of Napoleons devised policies had a basis in ensuring his security in power, some more so than others. His police and propaganda policy is obviously based on initially securing himself in power without hindrances from rebellions or uprisings. Also, his religious policy was designed not only to appease the Pope and guarantee a lack of interference, but also to avoid a potential Jacobin uprising through an association between the Catholic Church and the Bourbon Monarchy. Others, such as his educational policy, are subtler, encouraging support for the regime through improved life within France. In all areas, he is seen as either directly influencing the public, either by force or by propaganda, or indirectly influencing the public by creating better conditions in France, therefore encouraging support of the regime.I believe that it was Napoleons main aim to secure himself in power. After all, if he disappear out of favour quickly, all of his other aims, such as creating a better France, would fall with him. It was unexpressed that he secured himself in power as soon as possible, in order that he capability put all his other aims into action. Ultimately, most of his actions aimed either to li mit or prevent the impact any opposes to the regime may have on Napoleons security in power or to create a better France thereby increasing popularity of the regime. However that is not to say that other policies did not centre around a different aim, such as the economic policy, which aimed to create financial stability in France primarily, and possibly may have contributed to increased support and popularity of Napoleon and his regime.

Reaction Paper on Cybercrime Act of 2012

Cybercrime Law in the Philippines The Cybercrime Prevention typify of 2012, sign(a) by President Benigno Aquino III on Sep. 12, aims to fight online pornography, hacking, identity theft and spamming following local faithfulness enforcement agencies complaints over the lack of legal tools to combat cybercrime. However, the rectitude came with tougher legal penalties for Internet defamation, compared to traditional media. It also drop by the officesides politics to collect data from personal user accounts on social media and listen in on vowelise and video applications such as Skype, without a warrant.Users who post defamatory comments on Facebook or Twitter, for example, could be sentenced to up 12 divisions in jail. The Cybercrime Prevention bring of 2012, also cutn as Republic Act 10175, may aim to bring crime-fighting into the 21st century by addressing harmful deeds committed with the use of the ecumenic net except it raises the risk of even outs violations and cur tailment of granting immunity of manner and of the press by expanding the concept of the criminalized turn of events of libel.The uprightness also raises the penal sentence for libel committed in cyberspace superstar year longer than that imposed in the Revise Penal Code for libel in general. The salient features of the Act include internationally consistent definitions for certain cybercrimes, nuanced liability for perpetrators of cybercrimes, increased penalties, greater authority granted to fair play enforcement authorities, expansive jurisdictional authority to mastersecute cybercrimes, provisions for international cybercrime coordination efforts and greater ability to combat cybercrimes.It is highly advisable that the imperfections in the law, the provisions that conflict with other aspects of good governance and national and international obligations, be corrected soon through amendments. Strong leadership does not shirk from acknowledging the need to revise and gird p olicy and law. The calls for amendment should not be seen as personal attacks on anyones character or effectiveness. The subroutine of the President has replied to the outcry against the libel provision in the new law by saying that granting immunity comes with responsibility.Yes, and, indeed we all take aim responsibilities to respect the rights of others and the press is obliged to observe professional ethical standards, but the regulation of independence, in order to impose responsibility and order, should not cross the line into curtailment of the freedom or creating an environment in which such rights cannot be exuberanty and equally enjoyed. While the Convention does allow sovereign governments to regulate freedom of expression, such regulation should be done in a way that does not curtail the freedom. The Committee further elaborates in General Comment No. 4 (2011), States parties should read the decriminalization of defamation and, in any case, the application of the c riminal law should only be countenanced in the virtually serious of cases and imprisonment is never an appropriate penalty. Among the ironies of the relatively quick passage of this legislation and the clock thereof 1. It is not compliant with the ICCPR, which was ratified by President Corazon C. Aquino, after decades of non-ratification by President Ferdinand Marcos 2. It was sign(a) by President Benigno S.Aquino III days before the country marked the 40th anniversary of the solution of Martial Law, a period whose chief characteristics include repression of the freedom of expression, freedom of the press, and the right to political confederacy and dissent and 3. The 1987 Constitution, whom the President and all the lawmakers have sworn to uphold has a number of provisions with which this law is not consistent, including the provision that No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press (Art. 3, Sec. ), the guarantee of full respect for h uman rights, the recognition of the vital role of communication and information in nation-building, and the inviolable right of the spate to be secure in their persons, papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures. I believe that the cybercrime prevention law is constitutional. It has undergone many examinations before making it to the presidents office. The president himself examined and even signed it. If it were unconstitutional, the senate would have noticed it during the revision period.Many members of the senate should have reacted earlier than they did. Many of them only reacted when the law caught the publics attention. I think, therefore, that the senators deemed it constitutional before their opinion was tainted with the publics comments. I am neither against nor pro cybercrime prevention law. I believe the author of the law is only thinking of protecting his countrymen from malicious nation of the internet. I would like to believe that he really didnt mean to suppress our freedom of expression in writing this bill. The law itself does not really state that we cant write anything we want.I suppose the objective of this bill is to teach Filipino people responsible usage of the internet. People who are victims of sprinkling and other libelous act done on the internet have no way to go when their reputation is being attacked. Due to the passage of this law, there can now be protection for these victims. On the other hand, the law has its own flaws. The public are feeling uncomfortable that there is a company of people monitoring their activity on the net. For some, especially socially awkward people like me, the web is their only escape from their life.And the idea that someone is watching over that new life you built is adept plain unthinkable. It restricts the way you speak by simply being there. It is worse than having people actually assure at the real you be go you dont know who would be looking and when they would be look ing. The way you act will change whether you like it or not. There is also major mass hysterics because of the act of forbidding websites such as Piratebay where people can usually download stuffs for free. I, for one, is also against this. Students like me have hold in allowance.How are we expected to pay for movies, songs, games? These free stuffs help us relax and unwind after good school work. How will we indulge ourselves in these luxuries if these sites will be banned? When the bill became a law and much more when no temporary restraining order was issued a day prior to its implementation, the whole Philippines was in rage. In Facebook and Twitter alone, various opinions on why it shouldnt have been signed to become a law in the first place were shared by different people concerned citizens, most of them.But it is not a secret that what enraged most Filipinos is the inclusion of Libel in the law. According to clause 353 of the Revised Penal Code A libel is public and malic ious imputation of a crime, or of a vice or defect, real or imaginary, or any act, omission, condition, status, or circumstance tending to cause the dishonor, discredit, or contempt of a natural or juridical person, or to blacken the memory of one who is dead. Although the definition is said to have been modified to fit the Internet, people still dispute this simply because it violates their rights for freedom of speech and expression.The lawmakers say that when a person says something negative about something or someone that can already be grounds for libel. What if I say I am so disappointed with person/brand. What a malodorous service Is this libelous or what? What if I criticize a member of the Senate for his unlawful action? fire that person sue me for libel? What if the person who wrote an article was only disseminating valuable information that people should know? Will he/she be held liable for it? When they start with the amendments, our lawmakers should not forget ARTICL E III variance 4 of the 1987 Constitution. Section 4.No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances. I believe a persons entitle to his/her own opinion. And the whole Philippines shouldnt carry the burden of being silenced just because other people couldnt accept this fact. Sorces http//www. zdnet. com/ph/philippine-cybercrime-law-under-fire-6th-petition-filed-7000005076/ http//www. interaksyon. com/article/44546/cybercrime-law-may-put-philippines-in-more-trouble-with-un-for-curtailing-press-freedom Roni Lyn B. Amaranto AT 110